Some AP World Stuff Flashcards

301718661	Lascaux	the first cave paintings	0
301718662	Oracle bones	people looked at these to tell the future; burned bones and looked at cracks	1
301718663	8000 BCE	Neolithic Revolution; division of labor; movement to agriculture	2
301718664	Out-of-Africa/Multi-Regional Thesis	idea that all people originated in Africa, and then moved out, or the idea that people originated all over the world	3
301718665	Mohammed	?570--632 ad , the prophet believed by Muslims to be the channel for the final unfolding of God's revelation to mankind: popularly regarded as the founder of Islam. He began to teach in Mecca in 610 but persecution forced him to flee with his followers to Medina in 622. After several battles, he conquered Mecca (630), establishing the principles of Islam (embodied in the Koran) over all Arabia	4
301718666	Columbian Exchange	a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World and New World). It was one of the most significant events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in all of human history. Christopher Columbus' first voyage to the Americas in 1492 launched the era of large-scale contact between the Old and the New Worlds that resulted in this ecological revolution, hence the name "Columbian" Exchange	5
301718667	Four River Valley Civilizations	Mesopotamia on Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Egypt on Nile, Indus on Indus, China on Huang He/Yellow River	6
301718668	376 CE	Start of Fall of Rome; happened because of decadence, monetary trouble, military problems, corruption in the Catholic Church, and outside invaders	7
301718669	1492 CE	Ferdinand and Isabella captured Granada and funded Christopher Columbus's search for a new searoute to Asia, Columbus sails and finds the Americas, thinking he found India- hence Native Americans being called "Indians"	8
301718670	Sumerian Writing	first written language- called Cuneiform, wrote on clay tablets	9
301718671	Slave Trade	European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.	10
301718672	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects.	11
301718673	Pax Romana	a period of 200 years of stability in Rome from 27 BCE to 180 CE	12
301718674	Indian Caste System	divided people into groups, very strict class system; a hierarchy; no social mobility; Brahmans at top, warriors next, scholars are next, then workers, and untouchables were at the bottom	13
301718675	Chandragupta	321-298 BCE Indian Emperor, unified northern India, divided northern India into provinces for taxes/laws, set up Maurya empire	14
301718676	Ashoka	emperor of India 269-232(was when he ruled) BCE Indian emperor who took over southern part of India, also converted India to Buddhism after a bloody battle; built extensive roads	15
301718677	Alexander the Great	Son of Phillip II; taught by Aristotle; creates a Greek empire; trained in philosophy and politics; spreads Greek ideas around the world; had his men marry women from all the places he went in order to create lasting bonds; dies young at 33	16
301849404	Persia	The ancient kingdom of ______ became the domain of the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century bc. Under Cyrus the Great, it became the center of a powerful empire that included western Asia, Egypt, and parts of eastern Europe; it was eventually overthrown by Alexander the Great in 330 bc. The country was conquered by Muslim Arabs between ad 633 and 651	17
301849405	Punic Wars	3 wars between Carthage and Rome; fighting for dominance of the mediterranean; Rome wins and get undisputed dominance of the Mediterranean	18
301849406	Senate	Citizens voted to elect a representative; two consuls; the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights	19
301849407	aqueducts	Bridge-like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities	20
301849408	Hannibal	general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BCE)	21
301849409	Law of 12 Tables	The written laws of the Roman Republic, which were written on 12 stone tables in 449 BC. Before they were written, the laws were unfair to Plebeians, so it was suggested that the legal code be published so that Plebeians would be aware of what the law.	22
301849410	Nero	Roman king; major prosecutor of Christianity; may have started a fire and then blamed it on the Christians; went crazy	23
301849411	Octavian Augustus	first Roman emperor; gained supreme power by defeating Antony in 31 BCE	24
301849412	Constantine	(274-337) Roman emperor who converted to Christianity; helped unify Rome; built Constantinople;	25
301849413	Why Rome Fell:	empire was too big to handle; political power was concentrated in too few hands; wealthy Romans left to go to Egypt; soldiers wanted Roman power; barbarians were tired of not being considered dignified; While Eastern Rome was strong, Western was overrun; Germanic tribes come, and although they only wanted to be a part of Rome, they hurt it; everywhere people turn their back on Rome	26
301849414	Julius Caesar	(100-44 BCE), Roman general and statesman. He established the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus in 60 and became consul in 59. Between 58 and 51 he fought the Gallic Wars, invaded Britain 55-54, and acquired immense power. After civil war with Pompey, which ended in Pompey's defeat at Pharsalus in 48, Caesar became dictator of the Roman Empire. He was murdered on the Ides (15th) of March in a conspiracy led by Brutus and Cassius.	27
301849415	Islam	the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran	28
301849416	Five Pillars of Islam	1: No God but Allah. 2: Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. 3: Fast during Ramadan. 4: Zakat for those in need. 5: Make the pilgrimage to Ka'ba- called Hajj	29
301849417	Dhimmi	People of the book- all the other people in the empire who believed in a religion other than Islam	30
301849418	Zoroastrianism	Animist religion that saw material existence between as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death	31