AP Euro Ch. 21 Flashcards
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| 39352091 | Jean le Rond D'Alembert | coeditor of the Encyclopedie | 0 | |
| 39352092 | Assignats | paper currency, the French churches were used as collateral -the first French paper currency issued by the General Assembly. | 1 | |
| 39352093 | Bastille | medieval fortress that was converted to a prison stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French Revolution | 2 | |
| 39352094 | Bourgeoisie | Comfortable members of the 3rd estate. Basically middle class, wanted the privileges of the nobility and upper clergy. | 3 | |
| 39352095 | Revolutionary Calendar | Created by the National Convention, it was established after the French Revolution; day one was the first day of the French Republic | 4 | |
| 39352096 | Committee of Public Safety | Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror. | 5 | |
| 39352097 | Conspiracy of Equals | Led by "Gracchus" Babeuf an attempt to renew violent rebellion after the Thermidorean reaction,-communistic in nature. | 6 | |
| 39352098 | Consulate | Form of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor. | 7 | |
| 39352099 | National Convention | The third estate of the Estates General -broke from the Estates because they wanted the Estates to sit as a committee and not as segregated groups. | 8 | |
| 39352100 | Danton | Led the Mountains with Robespierre; also executed with Robespierre. | 9 | |
| 39352101 | David | Napoleon's painter-painted the famous portrait of Napoleon's coronation. | 10 | |
| 39352102 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | Written by the National Convention -declared all men could do anything as long as it did not harm others. | 11 | |
| 39352103 | Directory | Group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly. Overthrown by Napoleon. | 12 | |
| 39352104 | Encyclopedie | Collection of works compiled during the Enlightenment -explained many aspects of society. | 13 | |
| 39352105 | Estates General | Not called since 1614; finally called by Louis XVI at the advice of his financial minister -- demanded control over the King's finances; he refused and dismissed them; sat as three segregated groups | 14 | |
| 39352106 | Gabelle | Tax on salt during pre-revolutionary France-included in the Estate's list of grievances. | 15 | |
| 39352107 | Girondists | One of the two halves of the divided National Convention. | 16 | |
| 39352108 | Great Fear | followed the storming of the Bastille; people were scared of outlaws and reprisals; fanned flames of rebellion | 17 | |
| 39352109 | Guillotine | fast and relatively humane; used for mass executions | 18 | |
| 39352110 | Intendants | Created by Napoleon-kept watch over their own area of France -allowed Napoleon not to have to worry about petty problems. | 19 | |
| 39352111 | Levee en Masse | Law that obligated all French men between certain ages to enlist in the army. | 20 | |
| 39352112 | Louis XVI | King of France-executed for treason by the National Convention-absolute monarch-husband of Marie Antoinette. | 21 | |
| 39352113 | Marie Antoinette | Louis XVI's wife -executed. | 22 | |
| 39352114 | Robespierre | Member of the National Assembly-led the Mountains-began and led the Committee of Public Safety-began the Reign of Terror. | 23 | |
| 39352115 | Sans-culottes | Petty laborers and laboring poor-wore pants not knee breeches-became a major political group in revolutionary France. | 24 | |
| 39352116 | Tennis Court Oaths | Taken by the National Assembly-stated that they would not disband until they had made a new constitution. Met here because they were unable to go to their meeting place. | 25 | |
| 39352117 | First Estate | Clergy. | 26 | |
| 39352118 | Second Estate | Nobility | 27 | |
| 39352119 | Third Estate | Artisans etc. Everyone not in the First or Second Estate. | 28 | |
| 39352120 | Thermidorean Reaction | A reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed. | 29 | |
| 39352121 | Ancient Regime | The old order before the Revolution in France | 30 | |
| 39352122 | Regicide | The killing of the king | 31 | |
| 39352123 | Versailles | Site of palace outside Paris. Women marched there to demand action from Louis XVI. | 32 | |
| 39352124 | Mary Wollstonecraft | Wrote Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Women. | 33 | |
| 39352125 | Berlin Decree | 1806-issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control. | 34 | |
| 39352126 | Joseph Bonaparte | Napoleon's brother, made king of Spain but unable to control the Spanish which led to the costly Peninsula War. | 35 | |
| 39352127 | Confederation of the Rhine | League of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia. | 36 | |
| 39352128 | Continental System | (1806-12)French economic plan to cripple Britain. Russia's refusal to conform led to the Russian campaign. | 37 | |
| 39352129 | The Grand Army | Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian campaign. | 38 | |
| 39352130 | Louis XVIII | (1814-24) tried to issue a Constitutional Charter which accepted many revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties | 39 | |
| 39352131 | Napoleonic Code | Passed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat. | 40 | |
| 39352132 | Peninsula War | France was forced to invade Spain after the failure of Joseph Bonaparte. Very costly for Napoleon. The Duke of Wellington helped the Spanish. | 41 | |
| 39352133 | Plebiscite | A vote of the people. | 42 | |
| 39352134 | Rosetta Stone | Found by one of Napoleon's officers during the Egyptian campaign. Allowed people to decipher hieroglyphics. | 43 | |
| 39352135 | Talleyrand | French representative at the Congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French. | 44 | |
| 39352136 | Saint Helena | South Atlantic island. Napoleon's final home after the Battle of Waterloo. | 45 | |
| 39352137 | Trafalgar | (October 1805) Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible. | 46 | |
| 39352138 | Metternich | Austrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of liberal nationalism throughout Europe. | 47 | |
| 39352139 | Castlereagh | British representative at Congress of Vienna. | 48 | |
| 39352140 | The Hundred Days | The time from Napoleon's return from exile on Elba to defeat at Waterloo. | 49 |