ECHHS: APAH Review- 50 Terms You Absolutely, Positively Have To Know Flashcards

AP Art History Exam review. I hope it helps :) and good luck on your exam!

163262754	Pylon	A pair of truncated, pyramidal towers flanking the entrance to an Egyptian temple. The Temple of Horus at Edfu has a particularly well-preserved entrance of this type.	0
163262755	Hypostyle	A hall with a roof supported by rows of columns. The Temple of Amon-Re at Karnak has an enormous one of these.	1
163262756	Hierarchical Scale	The representation of more important figures as larger than less important ones. The sculptor who carved the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin used this to indicate Naram-Sin's lofty status.	2
163262757	Register	One of a series of rows in a pictorial narrative. For excellen examples of these, see the Standard of Ur and the Palette if King Narmer.	3
163262758	Repoussé	A technique in which a relief is formed on the front by hammering a metal plate from the back. The funerary masks discovered at Mycenae were created using this technique.	4
163262759	Corbelled Vault	A vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the two walls meet in an arch. The Lion's Gate at Mycenae provides an excellent example of this and a relieving triangle.	5
163262760	Kouros	An Archaic Greek statue of a standing nude male.	6
163262761	Kore	An Archiac Greek statue of a standing, draped female.	7
163262762	Caryatid	A column carved to represent a woman. The Erechtheum is famous for its porch of these.	8
163262763	Pediment	In Classical architecture, the triangular section of a temple roof often decorated with sculpture.	9
163262764	Entablature	In Classical architecture, the part of a building above the columns and below the roof. This part of a Classical temple includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.	10
163262765	Contrapposto	The relaxed natural pose, or "weight shift," first introduced in Greek sculpture in 480 BCE. First used in Kritios Boy, this concept separates Classical from Archaic Greek statuary.	11
163262766	Frieze	In Classical architecture, a frieze is a continuous horizontal band of sculptural decoration. The Ionic ______ in the Parthenon depicts the Panathenaic Procession.	12
163262767	Mosaic	Images composed of small pieces of colored glass or stone. The Alexander ________ shows Alexander the Great persuing Darius III at the Battle of Issus. The Romans often used these to decorate their floors.	13
163262768	Voussoir	A wedge-shaped block used in the construction of a true arch. The central ________, which sets the arch, is called the keystone.	14
163262769	Pendentive	The concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome. Also known as dome supports, they enabled Byzantine architects to construct the dome for Hagia Sofia.	15
163262770	Iconoclasm	A movement in the Byzantine Empire that favored banning and destroying images. The destroyers of images were known as iconoclasts.	16
163262771	Encaustic	A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot. Sixth- and seventh- century Byzantine artists used this to create panel paintings. Interestingly, Jasper Johns used it in his famous painting entitiled Flag.	17
163262772	Enamel	A technique in which powdered glass is applied to a metal surface in a decorative design.	18
163262773	Mihrab	A semicircular niche set into the qibla wall of a mosque.	19
163262774	Westwork	The facade and towers at the western end of a medieval church, principally in Germany.	20
163262775	Ambulatory	The passageway around the apse and choir of a church. It was originally a feature of Romanesque churches that developed in connection with their use as pilgrimage centers.	21
163262776	Tympanum	The lunette-shaped space above the portals of Romanesque and Gothic churches.	22
163262777	Clerestory	A row of windows in the upper part of a wall.	23
163262778	Barrel Vault	A vault is a roof or ceiling. A ___________ is, in effect, a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches. Roman architects used ___________ in the construction of the Colosseum and the Baths of Caracalla. __________ are one of the characteristic features of Romanesque churches.	24
163262779	Groin Vault	Vault formed at the point at which two barrel vaults intersect at right angles. They are one of the characteristic features of Gothic Cathedrals.	25
163262780	Crypt	A vaulted space usually located under the apse of a church. Because it is wholly or partly underground, it is not found in the nave elevation of a church.	26
163262781	Vellum	Calfskin prepared as a surface for writing or painting. The Lindisfarne Gospels use tempera on ______, and the calendar pictures of Les Trés Riches Heures use ink on ________.	27
163262782	Diptych	A two-paneled painting or altarpiece. The Melun ________ by Jean Fouquet is a famous example of one of these.	28
163262783	Triptych	A three-paneled painting or altarpiecce. Famous examples include the Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch, the Merode Altarpiece by Robert Campin, and the Portinari Altarpiece by Hugo van der Goes.	29
163262784	Predella	The painted or sculpted lower portion of an altarpiece that relates to the subjects of the upper portion.	30
163262785	Chiaroscuro	In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially by graduations of light that produce the effect of mottling. Masaccio demonstrated the mastery of this in the Tribute Money.	31
163262786	Cartoon	In painting, a full-size preliminary drawing from which a painting is made. DaVinci's Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John is a famous example of one of these.	32
163262787	Ecorche	A figure painted or sculpted to show the muscles of the body as if without skin. Pollaiuolo's Battle of the Ten Nudes is a famous example of an engraving that uses this.	33
163262788	Orthogonal	A line imagine to be behind and perpendicular to the picture plane. These parts of a painting appear to recede toward a vanishing point. They can be clearly seen in Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom.	34
163262789	Intaglio	A graphic technique in which the design is incised, or scratched, on a metal plate, either manually (engraving) or chemically (etching). The incised lines of the design take the ink, making this the reverse of the woodcut technique.	35
163262790	Impasto	Technique in which the artist applies thick layers of oil paint. Both Rembrandt and Van Gogh used this technique in their works.	36
163262791	Japonisme	The French fascination with all things Japanese. __________ emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century. The Impressionists and Post-Impressionists were particularly impressed with the use of bold contour lines, flat areas of color, and cropped edges in Japanese woodblock prints.	37
163262792	Avant-Garde	Late nineteenth- and twentieth-century artists whose work emphasized innovation and challenged esablished conventions.	38
163262793	Bauhaus	A school of artchitecture in Germany in the 1920s under the leadership of Walter Gropius.	39
163262794	Ready-made	An ordinary object that, when an artist gives it a new context and title, is transformed into an art object. They were important features of the Dada and Surrealism movements of the early twentieth century. Marcel Duchamp's Fountain is a famous example of this.	40
163262795	Cantilever	A beam or structure that is anchored at one end and projects horizontally beyond its vertical support. In Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright made a particularly dramatic use of these.	41
163262796	Biomorphic	An adjective used to describe used to describe forms that resemble or suggest shapes found in nature. They are therefore not abstract shapes. An excellent example is Painting and Composition by Joan Miró.	42
163262797	Assemblage	An artwork constructed from existing objects. Louise Nevelson is famous for creating these, such as Sky Tower and Tropical Garden.	43
163262798	Photomontage	A composition made by pasting together pictures or parts of pictures, especially photographs. Also called a photocollage. Hannah Hoch and Romare Bearden created noteworthy examples.	44
163262799	Stupa	A large, mound-shaped Buddhist shrine.	45
163262800	Pagoda	A multistoried Chinese tower, usually associated with a Buddhist temple, having a multiplicity of projecting eaves.	46
163262801	Pueblo	A communal multistoried dwelling made of stone or adobe brick by the Native Americans of the Southwest. The Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde is an excellent example.	47
163262802	Mudrah	In Buddhist and Hindo iconography, a stylized and symbolic hand gesture.	48
163262803	Ukiyo-e	Japanese for "pictures of the floating world." A style of Japanese genre painting that influenced nineteenth-century Western art.	49