Chapter 8 Review for Midterm Flashcards

297865153	Stateless societies	organized around kinship, lack of political organization and authority, clan councils, no taxes	0
297865154	Bantu	common language in Northwest and South Africa	1
297865155	Yoruba	common polytheistic animistic religion in NW and S africa, shared cosmology, ancestor worship, connection to land and nature, creator deity	2
297865156	Agriculture and metalworks	common element in Africa	3
297865157	Spread of Islam	Egypt to Morocco, brings stability	4
297865158	Berbers	people who lived in NW Africa	5
297865159	AlmoraVids	Puritanical Islamic reformers, waged jihads to spread faith in W and S Africa	6
297865160	Almohadis	Puritanical Islamic reformers, not as violent	7
297865161	Jihad	"internal struggle", holy war	8
297865162	Coptic Christians	Christians in Egypt, split from Byzantium and became dhimmi	9
297865163	Sahel	grassland belt at S edge of Sahara	10
297865164	Growth of trade villages	Exchange between N and S, taxes, tribute, military support	11
297865165	Rulers adopt Islam, peasants don't	recurring in Africa, caused social differences	12
297865166	Sundiata	the "Lion Prince", made simple laws for society and government, Mansa=Emperor	13
297865167	Mali	Sudanic state ruled by Sundiata and successors	14
297865168	Malike people	Islamic people in Mali	15
297865169	Sundiata's successors	expands borders and trade, lavish royal court	16
297865170	Mansa Musa	Brings attention to wealth of W africa from hajj, brings Islamic poetry and architecture, turns Mali into a mini-Mecca	17
297865171	Timbuktu and Jenne	two largest trading cities on Niger river, commercial and craft specialists	18
297865172	Songhay	kingdom from ashes of Mali, Niger River Valley, "masters of soil and water"	19
297865173	Gao	Songhay capital on Niger	20
297865174	Askia	military leader, expanded like Rome	21
297865175	Gold	In abundance in Sudanic states, important for production	22
297865176	Slave trade	Servants, concubines, laborers exported	23
297865177	Zenj	East African sea coast	24
297865178	Swahili	common language E africa	25
297865179	Islam in Swahili	ethics, trade contacts, kept from general population	26
297865180	Sea trading	Swahili trade, with Madagascar, bananas, coconuts	27
297865181	Wealthy trade cities	Zanzibar, Mambasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Mogadishu, Pate	28
297865182	Portuguese invasion	raids swahili coasts, establishes forts and posts, congrols gold and trade	29
297865183	Interior society	People of forests and plains, had agriculture, herding, and ironwork	30
297865184	Nok	Yoruba city-state in central Nigeria, regional kings, artistic	31
297865185	Benin	14th Century city-state, Niger river, Oba, artistic	32
297865186	Kongo	Kingdom on lower Congo River	33
297865187	Trades of Kongo	Agriculture, weaving, poetry, blacksmithing, wood carving	34
297865188	Women in Kongo	cultivated agriculture, takes care of households and animals	35
297865189	Mbanza Kongo	Capital of Kongo	36
297865190	Shona	Language of Kongo	37
297865191	City of Great Zimbabwe	center of Kongo	38
297865192	King Mwene Mutapa	end of 15th century, rapid expansion for Kongo	39
298752529	Sharia	Islamic law	40