Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Flashcards

Chapter 9

298977381	Hagia Sophia	Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.	0
298977382	Greek fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople	1
298977383	Bulgaria	Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014	2
298977384	Cyril	Along with Methodius, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.	3
298977385	Methodius	Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.	4
298977386	Kiev	Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.	5
298977387	Rurik	Legendary Scandinavian regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E.	6
298977388	Vladimir I	Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity.	7
298977389	Russian Orthodox	Church that developed under Vladimir I whose priests were trained from church leaders imported from Byzantium. This king characteristically ruled over the church as well as many major appointments, shows east west divide.	8
298977390	Yaroslav	Vladimir's son became a Grand Prince in A.D. 1019. Under his rule, Kievan culture reached its peak. First library established and legal system organized.	9
298977391	Tatars	Mongols who captured Russian cities and destroyed the Kievan state in 1236. However, they left the Russian Orthodox church and aristocracy intact.	10