Units 3 & 4 Flashcards

306562256	Technology	tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs
306562257	Textiles	Industry revolved around making cloth; includes cotton gathering, spinning, and weaving
306562258	Schism	(n.) a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions ; such as the Great Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Church
306562259	Doctrinal differences	Differing religious beliefs or texts
306562260	Epidemic disease	any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
306562261	Guilds	an association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards
306562262	Tax-farming	A government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. Individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount.
306562263	City-states	a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit
306562264	Sovereignty	the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
306562265	Mercenaries	foreign soldiers that fought for money
306562266	Diasporas	the migration of religious or ethnic groups to foreign lands despite their continued affiliation with the land and customs of their origin
306562267	Syncretism	a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into a single faith
306562268	Tribute system	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.
306562269	Infidel	one who does not accept a particular faith; unbeliever
306562270	Chartered cities	A charter city is a city in which the governing system is defined by the city's own charter document rather than by state, provincial, regional or national laws.
306562271	Usury	the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest
306562272	Sacrament	a formal religious act conferring a specific grace on those who receive it ; Ex. the Protestant sacraments are baptism and the Lord's Supper; in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church there are seven traditional rites accepted as instituted
306562273	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.
306562274	Tariffs	Taxes on imports or exports
306562275	Conquistadors	The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century
306562276	Absolutism	a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
306562277	Joint-stock companies	These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.
306562278	Trade diasporas	the relocation of a large population of a particular people group from one place to another triggered by economics.
306562279	Excommunication	the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church
306562280	Slave Trade	European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.
306562281	Manumission	the formal act of freeing from slavery
306562282	Renaissance	The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history
306562283	Protestant	A Christian who denies the authority of the Pope and holds the right of special judgment ; a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
306562284	Coerced labor systems	a system where the workers were forced to work based on threats, pressure, or intimidation ; forced labor: indentured slaves, serfs, slaves
306562285	Mercantilism	an economic theory that believe the colonies should benefit the parent country