AP WORLD Ch. 14 Flashcards

People, Places/Terms, Events/Ideas

301822398	Avicenna	Iranian philosopher named Iba Sina who was known in the west as this name. He had great influence because of their sophisticated blend of Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy	0
301822399	Cosimo de' Medici	Florentine banker who spent immense sums on paintings, scultptures, and public buildings. Famous patron	1
301822400	Desiderius Eurasmus	A dutch scholar that produced a critical edition of the New Testament in Greek. He corrected many errors and mistranslations in the Latin text that had been in general use throughout the Middle Ages. Later he wrote, in Latin, influental moral guides.	2
301822401	Edward III	Son of princess Isabella of France and King Edward II of England. He laid claim to the French throne in 1337. French courts instead awarded the throne to a more distant and more french cousin, so he fought for his rights in the 100 years war.	3
301822402	Francesco Petrarch	A humanist writer and poet that proclaimed that revival of the classical Greco-roman tradition they felt they had for centuries lain buried under the rubble of the middle ages.	4
301822403	Fugger Family	They were from Augsburg, who had 10 times the Medici's bank's lending capital and topped Europe's banking fraternity by 1500. THe family's many activities included the trade in Hungarian copper, essential for castling cannon.	5
301822404	Geoffrey Chaucer	An English poet that wrote the Canterbury Tales.	6
301822405	Jan Van Eyck	A flemish painter that mixed his pigments with linseed oil in place of egg yolk. He painted realistic paintings on religious and domestic themes.	7
301822406	Johann Gutenberg	He produced the Gutenburg Bible. It was the first book in the west printed from moveable type.	8
301822407	Leonardo da Vinci	He was a renaissance painter who used oil paints for his Mona Lisa. He worked in many media, including bronze sculptures and frescos like the last supper	9
301822408	Marco Polo	He was a young merchant that set out from Venic and reached the Mongol court in China after a long trek across central Asia. He served the emperor Khubilai Khan for many years as an ambassador and governer of a chinese province.	10
301822409	Medici Family	This family was from Florence and they operated banks. They also controlled the government of FLorence and comissioned art works.	11
301822410	Michelangelo	He painted frescos of biblical scenes, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, sculpted statues of David and Moses, and designed the dome for a new Sant Peter's Basilica in Rome.	12
301822411	Thomas Aquinas	influential theologian who spoke for his age when he argued that although both men and women were created in God's image. There was a sense in which "the image of God is found in man, not in women: for man is the beginning and end of a woman; as God is the beginning and end of every creature."	13
301822412	Vasco De Gama	Portugeuse explorer. He led the first naval expedition across the atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the old world and opening the way to Spanish colonization.	14
301822413	Avignon Papacy	Part of the Great Western Schism: the papacy eventually regained its independence and returned to ROme, but the long crisis broke the pope's ability to challenge the rising power of monarchs like Philip, who had used the dispute to persuade his nobles to grant him a new tax.	15
301822414	Canterbury Tales	Written by the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. Its a lengthy poem written in the last dozen years of his life. It contains often humerous and earthy tales told by fictional pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury	16
301822415	Flying buttresses	Stabilized the high, then, stone columns below the arches	17
301822416	Gothic Cathedrals	Large churches originating in 12th century France; built in an architectural style featuring the pointed arches, tall vaults, and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.	18
301822417	Guilds	In medieval Europe, an association of men, such as merchants, artisans, or professions, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. These were also important in other societes, such as the ottoman and Safavid Empires.	19
301822418	Hanseatic League	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the 14th century.	20
301822419	Humanist	European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy) influential in the 15th century and later	21
301822420	Magna Carta	"Great charter" signed in 1215 by the Pope that affirmed that monarchs were subject to establish law, confirmed the independence of the church and the city of London, and guaranteed the nobles' hereditary rights.	22
301822421	Printing press	A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a wood-block or type to paper using ink. Presses using moveable type first appeared in Europe about 1450.	23
301822422	Three-field system	Farmers grow crops on 2/3rds of their land each year, alternating wheat and rye with oats, barley, or legumes. The third field was left fallow. The oats restore nitrogen to the depleted soil and produced feed for plow horses.	24
301822423	Universities	Degree- granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in the latin west from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities.	25
301822424	Water Wheel	A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900.	26
301822425	Black death	An outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid- fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.	27
301822426	Fourth Crusade	A venetian inspired assault in 1204 against the city of Constantinople misleadingly named the "fourth crusade" temporarily eliminated Byzantine control of the passage between the Mediterranean and the Black sea and thereby allowed venice to seize crete abd expand its trading colonies around the Black sea. Another boon to italian trade came from the westward expansion of the Mongol Empire, which opened trade routes from the Mediterranean to China.	28
301822427	Great Western Schism	A division in the Latin Christian church between 1378 and 1415, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon	29
301822428	Hundred Years War	Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.	30
301822429	Reconquest of Iberia	Beginning in the 11th century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as United Kingdoms.	31