Federalism (Ch. 3)

87417033	federalism	way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people
87417034	unitary government	way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government
87417035	intergovernmental relations	the workings of the federal government; the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments
87417036	supremacy clause	makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits
87417037	Tenth Amendment	states that "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people"
87417038	McCulloch v. Maryland	established the supremacy of the national government over state governments
87417039	enumerated powers	powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution
87417040	implied powers	powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution
87417041	elastic clause	authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers
87417042	Gibbons v. Ogden	gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity
87417043	full faith and credit	requires each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states
87417044	extradition	legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
87417045	privileges and immunities	citizens of each state will be afforded most of the privileges of citizens of other states
87417046	dual federalism	system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
87417047	cooperative federalism	system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
87417048	devolution	transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments
87417049	fiscal federalism	the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system
87417050	categorical grants	federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending
87417051	project grants	federal grant given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications
87417052	formula grants	federal grant distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations
133435866	block grants	federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs