Chapter 21 22 23 Vocab Flashcards

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310882079	Benjamin Franklin	Printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics.	0
310882080	George Washington	Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.	1
310882081	Estate General	An assembly of representatives from all three of estates of social classes in France	2
310882082	Joseph Brant	Mohawk leader who supported the British during the American Revolution.	3
310882083	National Assembly	French Revolutionary assembly. Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.	4
310882084	Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	A fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal.	5
310882085	Jacobins	Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.	6
310882086	Maximilien Robespierre	Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror.	7
310882087	Napoleon Bonaparte	Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.	8
310882088	Gens de Couleur	Free men and women of color in Haiti. They sought greater political rights and later supported the Haitian Revolution.	9
310882089	Toussaint L'Ouverture	An important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.	10
310882090	Congress of Vienna	A conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815.	11
310882091	Napoleonic Code	A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon.	12
310882092	Reign of Terror	A period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of enemies of the revolution.	13
310882093	Industrial Revolution	The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation.	14
310882094	Mass Production	The production of large quantities of a standardized article.	15
310882095	Josiah Wedgewood	An English maker of pottery and china, he developed the pyrometer and was able to produce inexpensive china. He is also noted for introducing mechanization to the porcelain industry.	16
310882096	Mechanization	The act of implementing the control of equipment with advanced technology.	17
310882097	Richard Arkwright	English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once.	18
310882098	Crystal Palace	Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.	19
310882099	Laissez Faire	The doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs.	20
310882100	Positivism	A quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation.	21
310882101	Utopian Socialism	Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively.	22
310882102	Enclosure Movement	The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.	23
310882103	Interchangeable Parts	Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing	24
310882104	Simon Bolivar	Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.	25
310882105	Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo	A Mexican priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence.	26
310882106	Jose Morelas	A Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811.	27
310882107	Personalist Leaders	Political leaders who rely on charisma and their ability to mobilize and direct the masses of citizens outside the authority of constitutions and laws.	28
310882108	Jose Antonio Paez	Organized and led Bolivar's most successful cavalry force. He was uneducated and poor, but his physical strength, courage, and guile made him a natural guerilla leader and helped him build a powerful political base in Venezuela.	29
310882109	Benito Juarez	Mexican national hero; brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico	30
310882110	Tecumseh	A famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement.	31
310882111	Caste War	A rebellion of the Maya people against the government of Mexico in 1847.	32
310882112	Abolitionists	People who believed that slavery should be against the law.	33
310882113	Acculuration	The modification of the social patterns trait or structures of one group or society by contract with those of another the resultant blend.	34
310882114	Junta	A group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power.	35
310882115	Jose de San Martin	South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru.	36
310882116	Augustin de Iterbide	Mexican army general who build a successful political, and military coalition, which decidedly ended the Mexican War of Independence.	37