AP World History 10 Flashcards

sem 1

298650391	Middle Ages	the period in western European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century.	0
298650392	Gothic	an architectural style developed duirng the Middle Ages in Western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls.	1
298650393	Vikings	sea-going Scananavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland and North America.	2
298650394	manorialism	system of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy or reciprocal obligations that exchnged labor for access to land.	3
298650395	serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system	4
298650396	moldboard	heavy plow introduced in northen Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils.	5
298650397	three-field system	one third of land left unplanted each year to icrease fertility	6
298650398	Clovis	King of the Franks; converted to Christianity ca. 496.	7
298650399	Carolingians	royal house of Franks from 8th to 10th century.	8
298650400	Charles Martel	Corolingian monarch of Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732.	9
298650401	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany ca. 800.	10
298650402	Holy Roman Emperors	rulers in northern Italy and Germany following break-up of Charlemagne's empire; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy.	11
298650403	feudalsim	relationships among the military elite during the Middle Ages; greater lords provided protection to lesser lords in return for military service.	12
298650404	vassals	members of the military ellite who recieved land or a benefice from a lord in return for miliary service and loyality.	13
298650405	Capetians	French dynasty ruing from the 10th century; developed a strong feudal monarchy.	14
298650406	William the Conqueror	invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England.	15
298650407	Magna Carta	Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215, confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy.	16
298650408	parliaments	bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult their vassals.	17
298650409	Hundred Years War	conflict between England and France (1337-1453)	18
298650410	Pope Urban II	called first crusade in 1095, appealed to Christans to free the Holy Land from Muslim control.	19
298650411	St. Clare of Assisi	13th century founder ofa woman's monastic order, represented a new spirit of purity Aand dedication to the Catholic Church.	20
298650412	Gregory VII	11th century pope who attempted to free church from interfernce of feudal lords; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over prctice of lay investureof bishops.	21
298650413	Peter Abelard	Author of 'Yes and No'; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within establishes doctrine.	22
298650414	St. Bernards of Clairvaux	emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with god; successflly challenged Abelard and had him driven from the universities.	23
298650415	Thomas Aquinas	creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of 'Summas'; believed through reason it was possible to know about natural order, moral law, and nature of god.	24
298650416	scholasticism	dominant medieval philosophy approach; so-called because if its base in the schools or universities; based on the use on logic to resolve theological problems.	25
298650417	troubadors	poets in the 14th century southern France; gave a new value to the emotions of love in Western tradition.	26
298650418	Hanseatic League	an organization of north German and Scandenavian cities fo the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance.	27
298650419	Jacques Coeur	15th century French merchant, his career demonstrates new course of madival commerce.	28
298650420	guilds	associations of worker in the same occupation in a single city, stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulation aprenticeship, guaranteed good workmanship, discouraged innovations; often established franchise within cities.	29
298650421	Black Death	plague that struck Europe in the 14th century, significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure.	30