Chapter 13 Western Eurasia (1200-1500) Flashcards

311351555	Genghis Khan (Temujin)	A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries who conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.	0
311351556	khan	title given to Mongol leaders, meaning "supreme ruler"	1
311351557	Mongols	After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia.	2
311351558	nomadism	A way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water.	3
311351559	steppe	Treeless plains that are good for nomads, their herds, and breeding horses; they are essential to the Mongol military.	4
311351560	iron	used in bridles, stirrups, wagons, and weapons; crucial to Central Asian nomads	5
311351561	bubonic plague	A bacterial disease from fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans; caused high mortality and death rates	6
311351562	Il-Khan	A "secondary" or "peripheral" khan based in Persia.	7
311351563	Golden Horde	founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu; based in southern Russia; adopted both the Turkic language and Islam; also known as the Kipchak Khanate	8
311351564	Mongol bow	the primary weapon of the Mongol forces	9
311351565	Juvaini	Il-Khan intellectual that recorded the first history of the Mongols	10
311351566	Rashid al-Din	adviser to the Il-khan ruler Ghazan, who converted to Islam on Rashid's advice	11
311351567	tax farming	A government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. Individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount.	12
311351568	Ibn Kaldun	Muslim writer; he wrote the muqaddimah, which traced the history of the Muslim world	13
311351569	Nasir al-Din Tusi	provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernican model of the solar system	14
311351570	Arabic numerals	numbers introduced to Europeans by Arabic mathematicians	15
311351571	Alexander Nevski	He submitted to invading Mongols in 1240 and received recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde.	16
311351572	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced from Asia Minor during the 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world	17
311351573	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. They eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria.	18
311351574	Khanate of Jagadai	...	19
311351575	Timur	challenged the control of Il-khan and the Golden Horde from a base in Central Asia	20