Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals Flashcards

310501170	Sunni	Were the Mughals Sunni or Shia?	0
310501171	Shia	Were the Safavids Sunni or Shira?	1
310501172	Sunni	Were the Ottomans Sunni or Shia?	2
310501173	Seljuk Turks	Who controlled Anatolia for 2 centuries before the Ottomans?	3
310501174	ghazis	people who fight in the name of Islam (ex. Seljuk Turks	4
310501175	Osman	original Ottoman Turk - rules for 26 years, has great military technology	5
310501176	Orkhan	Osman's son who takes title of Sultan	6
310501177	Tamerlane	Mongol who defeats the Ottomans by burning Baghdad, later burns Delhi	7
310501178	Mehmet II	Ottoman who expands the empire - defeats Constantinople	8
310501179	1453	Date of the official start of the Ottoman Empire	9
310501180	Istanbul	What is Constantinople renamed when the Ottomans take it?	10
310501181	Selim the Grim	Mehmet II's grandson - defeats Safavids, conquers Cairo and N. Africa, conquers holy cities (Mecca and Medina)	11
310501182	Mamluks	N. African tribal ppl., original slaves for the Abbasids - evolve into an elite fighting force in the Crusades	12
310501183	Suleyman the Lawgiver	Under him Ottomans reach peak in territoy and riches - control the Med. Sea and all trade routes	13
310501184	grand vizier	bureaucratic leader of the Ottoman Empire - becomes very powerful, even runs the gov't for the Sultan	14
310501185	Devshirme	Ottoman process by which young children were collected as tax from communities (often Christian) - these children later worked in the gov't or the military	15
310501186	janissaries	elite Ottoman fighting force - soldiers were chosen through Devshirme	16
310501187	millets	independent communities within the umbrella of the Ottoman empire who only had to pay a special tax b/c they weren't Muslims	17
310501188	beys	Turkish tax collectors throughout the Ottoman Empire	18
310501189	Pashas	local Ottoman leaders who were appointed by the gov't to rule in its name - eventually became a hereditary position	19
310501190	Blue Mosque	Mosque Suleyman builds in Istanbul across from the Hagia Sophia - is like a community center	20
310501191	Safavid	Empire geographically located between the Mughals and Ottomans, people are Persians	21
310501192	Isma'il	Creates Safavid Empire at 12 years old - takes title of "shah", makes Shi'a the state religion - becomes religious tyrant	22
310501193	Battle of Chaldiran	Ottomans defeat Safavids - sets modern day border between Iran and Iraq	23
310501194	Shah Abbas	Greatest Safavid king - under him, culture thrives, military is modeled after janissaries, meritocracy, Christians come to trade	24
310501195	Isfahan	New capital city for Safavids planned by Shah Abbas	25
310501196	Mughals	Mongols who have adopted Islam and live in India	26
310501197	Mughals	Most unified Indian Empire since Mauryan Dynasty	27
310501198	Agra	historic Mughal capital	28
310501199	Babur	Creates Mughal empire by beating Delhi Sultanate army, est'd capital at Agra	29
310501200	Humayan	Babur's son - his grave is an architectural model for the Taj Mahal	30
310501201	Akbar	Babur's grandson - greatest Mughal ruler; uses guns to gain power, was very tolerant, unifies 100 million people	31
310501202	zamindars	Safavid tax collectors under Akbar	32
310501203	Jahangir	Akbar's son who did not actually rule	33
310501204	Nur Jahan	wife of Jahangir who ruled from Agra with her father	34
310501205	Shah Jahan	Becomes king after Jahangir; is a great warrior - builds Taj Mahal to celebrate beauty of his wife	35
310501206	Aurangzeb	Shah Jahan's son - moves capital city to Delhi; is not tolerant - tries to convert everyone to Islam	36