Chapters 13 & 14: Western & Eastern Eurasia (1200-1500) Flashcards

312797707	Genghis Khan (Temujin)	He led his people in attacks against China and against other parts of Asia; his name means "universal leader"	0
312797708	khan	title given to Mongol leaders, meaning "supreme ruler"	1
312830184	Mongols	nomads who established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia after 1206	2
312830185	nomadism	A way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water.	3
312830186	steppe	treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia; they are good lands for nomads, their herds, and for breeding horses	4
312830187	iron	used for weapons and tools	5
312830188	bubonic plague	a bacterial disease from fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans	6
312830189	Il-Khan	a ''secondary'' or ''peripheral'' khan based in Persia; it controlled much of Iran and Iraq	7
312830190	Golden Horde	founded by Batu; based in southern Russia; it quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam	8
312830191	Mongol bow	a wooden, several- layer invention created by the Mongols for their military	9
312830192	Juvaini	historian who wrote the first comprehensive narrative about the rise of Mongols under Ghengis Khan	10
312830193	Rashid al-Din	Jewish histroian who converted to Islam during Mongol times	11
312830194	tax farming	a government's use of private collectors to collect taxes	12
312830195	Ibn Kaldun	Muslim writer who traced the history of the Muslim world	13
312830196	Nasir al-Din Tusi	the Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernican model of the solar system	14
312830197	Arabic numerals	a written number system adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further into parts of Europe	15
312830198	Alexander Nevski	he submitted to the invading Mongols in 1240 and received recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde	16
312830199	Ottomans	Turks who had come to Anatolia in the same wave of migrations as the Seljuks	17
312830200	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries; they eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria	18
312830201	Khanate of Jagadai	the khanate in Centeral Asia ruled by the descendants of genghis's son, Jugadai	19
312830202	Timur	gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran; he consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire	20
312830203	Ogodei	he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun, and was a world figure when the Mongol Empire reached its furthest extent west and south during the invasions of Europe and Asia	21
312830204	Yuan Empire	the empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan	22
312830205	lama	a Buddhist religious leader	23
312830206	Khubilai Khan	last of the Mongol Great Khans; founder of the Yuan Empire	24
312830207	Beijing	China's northern capital	25
312830208	cottage industries	weaving, sewing, carving, and other small-scale industries that can be done in the home	26
312830209	Manchuria	region of Northeast Asia bounded by the Yalu River on the south and the Amur River on the east and north	27
312830210	Ming Empire	empire established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire	28
312830211	Yongle	the Ming emperor; he sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of the Zheng He	29
312830212	Forbidden City	the walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924	30
312830213	Zheng He	entrusted by the Ming emperor, Yongle, with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa	31
312830214	technology transfer	the communication of specific plans, designs, or educational programs necessary for the use of new technologies from one society or class to another	32
312830215	medicine (?)	any drug that is used to prevent, cure, or treat illness or pain	33
312830216	Yi	the Korean dynasty that succeeded the Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence	34
312830217	movable type	each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal; it replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page; invented in Korea during the 13th Century	35
312830218	cotton	produces fibers from which cotton textiles are woven; spread throughout Asia and then to the New World; a major cash crop	36
312830219	kamikaze	the ''divine wind'' which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281	37
312830220	Ashikaga Shogunate	the second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun; sometimes called the Muromachi Shogunate	38
312830221	shogun	a military ruler in Japan	39
312830222	Annam	a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea	40
312830223	Champa	a state formerly located in what is now southern Vietnam; it was hostile to Annam and was annexed by Annam and destroyed as an independent entity in 1500	41