AP LANG RHETORICAL TERMS

40901154	metaphor	figure of speech in which one thing is referred to another: "my love is a fragile flower"
40901155	simile	figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities: "the sky looked like an artist's canvas"
40901156	synecdoche	figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using "boards" to mean a stage of "wheels" to mean a car or "all hands on deck"
40901157	metonymy	figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using "the crown" to refer to a monarch also "the pen is mightier than the sword"
40901158	personification	attribution to human qualities to a nonhuman or inanimate object
40901159	syllepsis	the use of a single word in such a way that it is syntactically related to two or more words elsewhere in the sentence, but has a different meaning in relation to each of the other words: "there is a certain type of woman who'd rather PRESS grapes than clothes." "When I address Fred I never have to raise either my voice or my hopes"
40901160	onomatopoeia	use of words that sound that sound like what they mean such as "hiss", "Buzz", "slam", "boom"
40901161	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis: "he was so hungry he could have eaten a horse"
40901162	litotes	trope in which one makes a deliberate understatement for emphasis: "young lovers are kissing each other and one says, i think they like each other"
40901163	rhetorical question	one that does not expect an explicit answer. used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience
40901164	irony	situation or statement i which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected
40901165	oxymoron	figure of speech composed to contradictory words or phrases: "wise fool", "bitter-sweet"
40901166	paradox	statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning: "i never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude"
40901167	parallelism	technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form.
40901168	antithesis	presentation of two contrasting images: "to be or not to be" "ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country"
40901169	ellipsis	mark or series of marks that usually indicate an intentional omission of a word or a phrase from the original text.
40901170	asyndeton	commas used to separate a series of words: instead of X,Y, AND Z; X, Y, Z
40901171	alliteration	repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another: Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck
40901172	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants
40901173	anaphora	repetition of a word, phrase or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. Helps make the writer's point more coherent
40901174	chiasmus	arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern XYYX; often short and summarizes the main idea: "let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate"
40901175	polysyndeton	sentence which uses AND or another conjunction (without commas) to separate the items in a series: X AND Y AND Z