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41275772caravelssmall ships sailed by the Portuguese
41275773Thomas CrowellHenry VIII's chief minister
41275774Battle at Bosworth Fieldended War of the Roses
41275775Louis XIconsolidated France
41275776Dance of Deathportrayal of bodies during the plague
41275777Ockham's theorynominalism
41275778Anti-semitismun-acceptance of Jews
41275779Linear perspectivearchitecture technique: dimension, depth, illusion
41275780GOLD, GOD, GLORYmotivation of European explorers
41275781Alfonso de AlberquerquePortuguese general
41275782BoyarsMuscovite military class
41275783GabelleFrench tax on salt
412757841377Pope Gregory brings papacy back to Rome
41275785UtopiaSir Thomas More
41275786Taillepeasant land tax in France
41275787Girolama SavanarolaFlorence heretic
41275788Laura Ceretaprolific Italian author, humanist and feminist
41275789Dante AligheriDivine Comedy
41275790Dauphinheir to French throne
41275791Hanseatic Leaguegroup formed to control Baltic trade of grain and fish
41275792Joan of Arcpeasant girl who helped Charles VII with Battle of Orleans and crowning of Dauphin at Reims
41275793PetrarchFather of humanism + babylonian captivity
41275794English longbowused to fight in Medieval Europe
41275795Trigger of 100 Years' Wardynastic rivalry
41275796Order of the Garterclass system of chivalry by Edward III
41275797Moriscos y conversosMuslim and Jewish converts
41275798Giovanni BocaccioDecameron
41275799indulgencessold in Catholic church
41275800Conciliarismcouncil in church
41275801Imitation of ChristThomas a Kempis
41275802Bretheren of Common Lifereligious community formed by Goote, Jesus
41275803Avignonlocation of Papacy in France
41275804Geoffrey ChaucerCanterbury Tales
41275805Lollardsmumblers of prayers, followers of Wycliffe
412758061487Bartolomeu Diaz
412758071315Great Famine
412758081414-1417Council of Constance
412758091347-1352plague
412758101337-1453100 Years' War
412758111490-1530High Renaissance
412758121350-1550Renaissance
412758131516Concordat of Bologna
412758141066Battle of Hastings
412758151429Battle of Orleans-France
412758161455-1485War of Roses (York and Lacasters**) => Henry Tudor/VII
412758171356Golden Bull-Charles IV
412758181090Dictatus
412758191438Pragmatic Sanction-Gallican church
412758201378Urban VI is elected
412758211378-1415Great Schism
412758221415Battle of Agincourt-English
412758231358Jaquerie
412758241454Peace of Lodi
412758251508League of Cambrai (agaisnt Venice)
412758261346Battle of Crecy-English
41275827Ivan the Terrible IVRuled Muscovy and defeated Mongols
41275828Charles VHRE empire ruler, against refomation
41275829Patronageart financial support
41275830Humanismintellectual philosophy, personal freedom
41275831philologyart of language
41275832secularismgovernment apart from church
41275833Reconquistareconquer and conquest of Spanish colonies, removed Moors and Jews
41275834Spanish inquisitionCatholicism in Spain
41275835CourtierBaldesar Castiglione
41275836Rhetoricart of expression
412758375 powers of ItalyMilan, Venice, Florence, Naples, Papal States
41275838Milk parentstook care of newborns in wealthy families
41275839Signorigovernment in Florence, one person rule
41275840dowrywhat father gave to son-in-law's family for daughter
41275841Florencebanking and wool
41275842Medici familypower of Florence, signori, patronage
41275843Prince Henry the NavigatorPortuguese, sailing school, navigation
41275844The PrinceMachiavelli
41275845Columbian Exchangetransfer of plants, animals, goods and microbes between Europeans and Native Americans
41275846astrolabetool for navigation **stars
41275847Amsterdamtrading port in Holland
41275848Lisbonmajor trading capital
41275849Antwerpreplaced Lisbon
41275850Conquistadoresconquerers of Spain
41275851Ferdinand MagellanPortuguese mariner attempted to get to Spice Islands
412758521494Treaty of Tordesillas-Portual got east of Indies and land west of Cape Verde, Spain got the rest
412758531559Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis-ended Hapsburg-Valois Wars
412758541455printing press
412758551545-1563Council of Trent-addressed church disorders
412758561408Council of Pisa - 3 popes
412758571498Vasco da Gama rounds Cape of Good Hope
41275858disorders of the churchsimony, nepotism, pluralism
41275859beneficessale of church offices-->pluralism
41275860Cardinal Francisco JimenezPolyglot bible
41275861Martin Luther95 Theses
41275862Fuggersbankers
41275863Pope Leo Xexcommunticated Luther, challenged theses, promoted indulgences
41275864Archbishop Albertchosen to distribute indulgences
41275865Frederick IIIprince of Saxony, hid Luther, collected relics
41275866Johann TetzelDominican friar chosen to preach benefits of indulgences
412758671521Diet at Worms
41275868Ulrich Zwinglibrought reformation to Zurich
41275869Priesthood of all believersdoctrine of New testament
41275870transubstantiationprocess of bread and wine becoming the body and blood of Christ
41275871consubstantiationbread and wine placed next to the body and blood of Christ
41275872152512 Aritcles-Peasants in Germany
412758731555Peace of Augsburg-price would decide religion for his people
41275874PredestinationCalvinist doctrine
41275875Genevan consistorygroup by John Calvin
41275876Michael ServetusSpanish theologian, humanist, protestant
41275877Anabaptistsre-baptism as an adult
41275878Huguenotsterm given to protestants
41275879William Tyndalereformer
41275880Henry VIIIking of England catholic
412758811553Act in Restraint and Appeals-Thomas Crowell-king handle religious affairs not pope
41275882John KnoxPresbyterian church
41275883Tridentine DecreesCouncil of Trent
41275884Ursulin Ordergroup of Catholic church-girls help sick and needy
412758851536Pilgrimmage of Grace-in York, against breakage of England from Rome
41275886Divine Right of Kingsmonarch rules b/c he was chosen by God
412758871598True Law of Free monarchies-James I
41275888Jean Bodinwriter believed in Divine right
41275889Royal councilsadvised the king
41275890Cardinal Richelieuchief minister for Louis XIII, 1622
41275891Parlement of Parismain state court in France
41275892Indendentsofficials of French Monarchy
41275893Passive obediencedoctrine of church of England-going against crown=a big problem
41275894Paulettetax given to those in office
41275895Millonesconsuming tax
41275896Impositionsmandatory tax on luxuries
41275897ship moneytax on port towns for emergencies
412758981647revolt in Palermo-b/c of tax, crops, etc. not effective
41275899John MiltonTenure of Kings in Magistrates, justice
41275900Fronderevolt against Louis XIV government
41275901Cardinal MazarinItaly. adviser to Anne of Austria, regent for Louis XIV. added more tax.
412759021628Petition of Right-against Charles I by Parliament
412759031640-1660Long Parliament
412759041653Instrument of government-Cromwell given title Lord Protector, Rump dismissed
41275905Glorious Revolution 1668result of Catholicism reinfusing into England and gov't. Puritans upset
412759061689Declaration of Rights-laid down laws of constitutional monrchy, secured Parliament and property, more tolerance
41275907John Locke2 treatises on Civil government
412759081689Toleration Act
41275909Junkersnobles of Prussia and Germany
41275910Frederick WilliamGreat elector, took left over lands from 30 Years' war. prince, took advantage of absolutism
41275911Peter Iwesternized Russia
412759121709Battle of Povalta: Peter vs Charles XII. Russia wins and becomes more dominant in Baltic
41275913Raison d'etatreason of state: state before people
412759141558Elizabeth takes throne
412759151648Treaty of Westphalia
412759161618Defenestration of Prague
41275917151795 Theses
412759181603James I takes throne
412759191707Act of Union
412759201649-1660Interegnum: period between kings
412759211653-1658Protectorate
412759221660Restoration in England: Charles II takes throne
412759231625Charles I takes throne (James I dies)
412759241649Charles I beheaded
41275925Puritanismnot worshipping religious objects, minimalist sect
412759261651Navigation acts: Cromwell, English assault Dutch trade
412759271637Bishops wars
412759281603 Stewart lineJames I - Charles I - Charles II - Cromwell - Charles II - James II - William and Mary
41275929tonnage and poundageamt of money kings gets depending on how much goods sold (by weight) limited
41275930ParliamentHouse of Commons(gentry), House of Lords(hereditary and led military)
412759311643-1715Louis XIV rules
412759321598Edict of Nantes-Huguenots toleration
41275933Bishop Bossuetall power comes from God. royal power is absolute but not arbitrary
4127593416824 articles(Louis XIV) authority of holy see is limited to spiritual. church coucil decisions superior to pope. gallican custims independent of Rome. pope not infallible, except of universal church
412759351665Jean-Baptiste Colbert issued Control general(body is nerve center of money management), helps Louis. creates merchant marine, mercantilism, self sufficiency, infrastructure, abolished domestic tariff
412759361610Henry IV killed by fanatic
41275937GallicanismPragmatic sanction and Concordat of Bologna
41275938Clement Vmoved papacy to Avignon
41275939Bruneschellidome
41275940Ghibertigates of Paradise
412759411603death of Elizabeth
412759421588defeat of Spanish armada-English
412759431534Act of Supremecy
412759441527Sack of Rome-Charles V
412759451530confession of Augsburg (Lutheranism)
41275946Mercantilismbullionism and favorable balance of trade
412759471453Fall of Constantinople-ended Byzantine empire
412759481642-1651English civil war
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