AP Human Geography Study Guide Combined

82026756	Culture	The specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, and adaptations that summarize the way of life of a group of people.
82026757	Culture Traits	Units of learned behavior
82026758	Culture Complex	Cultural traits that are functionally interrelated.
82026759	Culture Region	An area that is distinct from surrounding or adjacent areas for a specific characteristic.
82026760	Culture Realm	the set of cultural regions, showing related cultural complexes and landscapes
82026761	Culture Hearth	areas of innovation from which key culture elements diffused to exert and influence on surrounding regions
82026762	Cultural Integration	the interlocking nature of the sociological, technological, and ideological subsystems
82026763	Cultural Lag	the unresponsiveness to changing circumstances and innovation
82026764	Cultural Landscape	the earth's surface as modified by human action to produce a tangible, physical record of a given culture
82026765	Absorbing Barrier	barrier that totally halts the spread of an innovation
82026766	Permeable Barrier	barriers that permit passage or acceptance of at least some innovations that encounter them
82026767	Contagious Diffusion	when expansion affects nearly uniformly all individual and areas outward from a source region
82026768	Expansion Diffusion	when acceptance of or information about an innovation spreads throughout a society
82026769	Hierarchical Diffusion	when movement of dispersal is either up or down through a system of classes or centers
82026770	Relocation Diffusion	geographical transfer of culture traits by movements of people across space
82026771	Innovation	material or non-material cultural development that results from need or stressful conditions
82026772	Independent Invention	the notion that a culture trait could have developed in two different places at the same time
82026773	Absolute Direction	the cardinal points of north, south, east and west
82026774	Absolute Distance	the spatial separation between two points on the earth's surface
82026775	Absolute Location	the identification of a place by a precise and accepted system of coordinates
82026776	Relative Distance	the transformation of linear measurements into meaningful units
82026777	Relative Direction	"out west", "back east"', "down south"
82026778	Relative Location	the position of a place in relation to that of other places or activities
82026779	Scale	relationship between the size of an area on a map and the surface of the earth
82026780	Site	the physical and cultural characteristics and attributes of a place itself
82026781	Situation	the relative location with particular reference to items of significance to the place in question