AP Psychology voacb 1-6 (pt.2.

102327033	sensory neurons	neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system (afferent)
102327034	motor neurons	neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands (efferent)
102327035	interneurons	Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
102327036	somatic nervous system	the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
102327037	autonomic nervous system	The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
102327038	sympathetic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
102327039	parasympathetic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
102327040	reflex	a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
102327041	neural networks	interconnected neural cells. With experience, _____ can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. Computer simulations of _______ show analogous learning.
102327042	endocrine system	the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
102327043	hormones	chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
102327044	adrenal glands	a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the ____ secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.
102327045	pituitary glands	the endocrin system's highly influential "master gland" that, in conjunction with the brain, controls the other endocrine glands
102327046	lesion	tissue destruction. A _____ is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
102327047	EEG	an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp
102327048	PET	A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.
102327049	MRI	a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain
102327050	fMRI	a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. MRI scans show brain anatomy; ____ scans show brain function.
102327051	brainstem	The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the _____ is responsible for automatic survival functions
102327052	medulla	the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
102327053	reticular formation	a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
102327054	thalamus	the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
102327055	cerebellum	the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
102327056	limbic system	a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
102327057	amygdala	two lima bean-sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion
102327058	hypothalamus	a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
102327059	cerebral cortex	the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
102327060	glial cells	cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
102327061	frontal lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
102327062	parietal lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
102327063	occipital lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field
102327064	temporal lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear
102327065	motor cortex	an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
102327066	sensory cortex	the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
102327067	association areas	areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
102327068	aphasia	impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
102327069	broca's area	controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
102327070	wernicke's area	controls language reception-a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;usually in the left temporal lobe
102327071	plasticity	the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
102327072	corpus callosum	the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
102327073	behavior genetics	the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
102327074	genome	the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
102327075	temperament	a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
102327076	heritability	The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The _____ of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
102327891	molecular genetics	the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
102327892	evolutionary psychology	the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection