AP world History Flashcards

309254263	Reconquista	On the Iberian Peninsula	0
309254264	Stern Rudder	Developed by the chinese and diffused into European use through Arab ships	1
309254265	Triangular Lateen Sail	Made it possible for a ship to advance against the wind	2
309254266	Magnetic Compass	Developed by the Chinese to figure direction	3
309254267	The astrolabe	From Greek and Persian astronomers to determine Latitude	4
309254268	Cross staff and back staff	Navigation equipment of choice for European Sailors	5
309254269	Volta Do Mar	Portuguese phrase meaning "return through the sea"	6
309254270	Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal	conquered the Morrocan port of Ceuta in 1415	7
309254271	Bartolomeu Dias	He rounded the Cape of good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean in 1488	8
309254272	Christopher Columbus	Genoese Mariner who found support from Spanish Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella	9
309254273	Vasco Nunez De Balboa	First sided the Pacific Ocean in 1513 while searching for gold in Panama	10
309254274	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese Navigator who explored the Pacific and eventually circumnavigated the world	11
309254275	Captain James cook	an Englishman whose 3 18th century explorations of the southern and Northern Pacific ocean helped Europeans compile a reasonably accurate understanding of the ocean basin land and people	12
309254276	Trading posts	A European Nations built these as footholds in regions where prior commercial powers had dominated for centuries	13
309254277	Seven years' war	1763 the british victory in that worldwide conflict would enable that small nation to dominate world trade and build a vast empire in the 19th century	14
309254278	Afonzo D'alboquerque	was the architect of this aggressive policy and his fleets were very effective at overpowering other crafts they encounter and using their heavy artillery effectively on shore	15
309254279	India	English concentrated on India and built forts in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta	16
309254280	Batavia	On the island of Java	17
309254281	The joint stock company	Commercial organization	18
309254282	East India company	founded in 1600 (English)	19
309254283	United East India Company	(Dutch) Relied on private merchants	20
309254284	The Philippines and Indonesia	European powers mostly traded peacefully with other peoples the exceptions being :	21
309254285	Promote trade and Christianity	The Spanish goals of the Philippines were clear:	22
309254286	Manila Galleons	Fill these with silk from China	23
309254287	Clove and mace	The Dutch who had neither manpower or the military might to exert their control over all of Indonesia chose to concentrate on these specific wealthy regions	24
309254288	"great war for empire"	The seven years' war	25
309254289	Global trading system	Mariners carried goods around the world by way of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans for valuables: sugar, silver, tobacco, textiles, guns, furs, and enslaved human beings	26
309254290	Cowry shells	highly desirous medium of exchange	27
309254291	sugar	dramatically stimulated the market for enslaved workers	28
309254292	Martin Luther	Protested sale of indulgences	29
309254293	Printing press	Published the many abuses in the church	30
309254294	vernacular bible	written in the native language	31
309254295	Calvinism	French Protestantism	32
309254296	Anglican Church	English Monarch Henry the 8th established himself as the head of this church	33
309254297	Council of Trent	Reforms were made primarily here with the help of the new order the jesuits	34
309254298	Ignatius Loyola	made society of jesus	35
309254299	huguenot protestants	French catholics fought to have control of the monarchy	36
309254300	Witches	hunted and killed	37
309254301	Dutch revolt	went on for 40 years	38
309254302	Thirty years' war	final religious war	39
309254303	charles v.	hapsburg ruler	40
309254304	New monarchs	increase political power through taxation	41
309254305	Henry the 8th	dissolved catholic church	42
309254306	Spanish inquisition	to consolidate their power	43
309254307	constitutional monarchies	shared power with representative parties	44
309254308	Glorious revolution	British obtained a royal family	45
309254309	Dutch republic	Elected councils that formed this foundation	46
309254310	cardinal Richelieu	adviser to Louis the 13th	47
309254311	Versailles	largest building in Europe	48
309254312	Russian tsars	adept in absolute policies Peter the great was the most important tsar the crowning achievement of his rule was st. petersburg	49
309254313	"partitions"	carved up Poland into these	50
309254314	Catherine the great	divided Russia into 50 provinces	51
309254315	peace of Westphalia	30 years war was resolved	52
309254316	Capitalism	an economic system	53
309254317	columbian exchange	new food crops	54
309254318	Banking system	Europeans began to develop this while insurance companies underwrote the risks of long distance trade	55
309254319	Serfs	were sold	56
309254320	adam smith	(1723-1790)	57
309254321	isaac newton	(1642-1727) combined the ideas of astronomy and mechanics	58
309254322	John locke	(1632-1704) worked on the laws of politics	59
309390427	"putting out system"	giving raw material such as wool to households	60
309390428	Decreasing mortality rates	Helped increase the population	61
309390429	Absolute monarchs	Europe predicated their power on the theoretical basis of the divine right of kings	62
309390430	Romanovs	Held a tightly controlled government	63
309390431	Encomienda	Forced labor	64
309390432	Tainos	Inhabited the Caribbean	65
309390433	Peru & Mexico	vast supplies of silver	66
309390434	Sugar & Tobacco	Cash crops	67
309390435	Hernan cortes & Francisco Pizarro	Conquistadors Hernan in Mexico and Francisco in Peru	68
309390436	Brazil	Portugal established its imperial realm here as a result of the treaty of tordesillas in 1494	69