Berube- Test 2 Flashcards

312582131	What was a "gunpowder empire", and what made the Mughals, Russians, and Ottomans this type of empire?	Land-based empires gaining new strength from new advances in technology and weaponry, including gunpowder.	0
312582132	What is Sikhism?	A blend of Islam and Hinduism.	1
312582133	What nation monopolized Indian Ocean trade?	Portugal.	2
312582134	What was a common problem of the Muslim Empire from 1450-1750?	Inadequate transportation, communication, and bureaucracies, unruly warrior elites, and the rise of European rivals.	3
312582135	What European power established hegemony over Indian Ocean trade in the 16th century? **	The Dutch and the British.	4
312582136	What was decided at the Treaty of Tordesillas?	A line was drawn north and south through the Atlantic, giving Portugal the lands east and Spain the lands west.	5
312582137	What ocean became the center of commercial activity in the 16th century?	The Indian Ocean.	6
312582138	What nation of people got their beards cut?	Russians; ordered by Peter the Great to look more modernized.	7
312582139	When Magellan returned to Spain in 1522, what was symbolized?	Europe's control of the ocean, and the first union of the hemispheres.	8
312582140	Why were Portuguese people able to assert control over the Indian Ocean trade?	Weaponry, technology, ships.	9
312582141	Why were the Spanish so successful in creating an empire in America?	They had the desire to convert others to Christianity; missionaries.	10
312582142	What did humanism emphasize?	The accomplishments, characteristics, and capabilities of humans, not of God.	11
312582143	What was the Taj Mahal?	Mosque built by Shah Jahan for his wife.	12
312582144	Who was the emperor of the Mughals?	Shah Jahan.	13
312582145	Why did the Ming Empire fall in the 16th century?	Climatic change, nomadic invasions, pirates, decline of the Silk Road, inept rulers; overthrown by Manchus in 1644.	14
312582146	Why did the Court of Edo practice alternate attendance?	Prevented Daimyos from focusing on building armies back home, and forced them to own expensive second homes.	15
312582147	What was the purpose of Zheng He's voyages?	To convince other civilizations that China had regained power and to collect tribute from people that no longer gave it.	16
312582148	Why did the Chinese stop their voyages after Zhang He died?	The voyages were no longer financed; the money was needed to protect the empire from nomadic invasions.	17
312582149	What differentiated this time period (1450-1750) from the previous?	Trade and the discovery of the Americas.	18
312582150	By the end of the time period, what was the similarity between the governments of Britain and France?	They were monarchies that curbed the power of the nobility and built centralized regimes.	19
312582151	What was Luther's primary protest against the Church?	Indulgences (payments ensuring eternal salvation).	20
312582152	What was Luther's philosophical debate against the Church?	Salvation by faith.	21
312582153	What was signaled by the defeat of the Spanish Armada?	They were supposedly "invincible"; marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams.	22
312582154	Why did Copernicus have more criticism vs. support?	His ideas went against the church.	23
312582155	From 1450-1750, how did the balance of power shift?	From other areas of the world to Europe.	24
312582156	In what New World areas can labor systems be found? **	The Caribbean, Mexico, and South America.	25
312582157	What group increased their social status in New Spain?	Peninsulares (Europeans born in Spain).	26
312582158	What was the Middle Passage?	Trade of African slaves to the New World.	27
312582159	What products greatly contributed to the Columbian Exchange?	Potatoes.	28
312582160	Why were women more in demand in the Trans-Saharan slave trade?	Harems, or collections of wives filling a household.	29
312582161	What product was prevalent in the New World?	Sugar cane.	30
312582162	In what part of the world did slave population increase?	North America.	31
312582163	Why did Portugal, Spain, France, and Great Britain arrive first in the New World?	They are located on the Atlantic coast.	32
312582164	What European "import" wiped out 9/10 of the Native American population in the New World?	Disease.	33
312582165	What is mercantilism?	Shaped European colonies; main goal of benefiting the mother country by trading goods to accumulate precious metals.	34
312582166	What happened to Native American religion when faced with Catholicism?	They blended easily together.	35
312582167	Why were British colonies more literate compared to others?	The British were mostly Protestant- Protestant bible reading increased literacy.	36
312582168	What was Portugal's motivation for expanding around Africa and into Asia?	New trade routes and the spice trade.	37
312582169	When European missionaries first arrived in Japan, what was Japanese society like?	Fragmented with constant conflict among feudal lords.	38
312582170	What was the currency of global exchange between the 16th and 18th centuries?	Silver.	39
312582171	How were the Protestant and Catholic reformations alike?	Both drew attention to abuse and corruption of the Church in an attempt for revision; countered one another.	40
312582172	Where did 80% of enslaved Africans end up?	Brazil.	41
312582173	What west African kingdom resisted involvement in the African slave trade?	Benin.	42
312582174	Why did Luther's beliefs threaten the power of the Church?	He argued a new understanding of salvation by faith, causing disagreement.	43
312582175	Why were merchants, holy men, and scholars able to spread Islam throughout Asia and the Americas?	They were less threatening.	44
312582176	Why was corporation so important to the development of the European Scientific Revolution?	...	45
312582177	How does Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution?	...	46