Chapter 20 and chapter 21 Flashcards

304089815	Assimilation	an effort to transform colonial societies in the Western image	0
304089816	Association	collaboration with local elites while leaving local traditions alone	1
304089817	Boers	South African descendants of original Dutch settlers, fought with the British	2
304089818	Caliph	the secular leader of the Islamic community	3
304089819	Capital	material wealth used or available for use in the production of more wealth	4
304089820	Direct rule	colonial approach wherein rule was carried out directly by the Europeans, often associated with the French approach	5
304089822	Folk culture	the traditional arts and crafts, literature, music, and other customs of the: people; something that people make, as opposed to modern popular culture, which is something people buy	6
304089823	Free trade	the unrestricted international exchange of goods with low or no tariffs	7
304089824	Indirect rule	colonial approach wherein local rule is carried out by European-supported native officials, often associated with the British approach	8
304089825	Khedive	hereditary pasha of Egypt starting with Muhammad Ali	9
304089826	"Legitimate trade"	how the Europeans referred to trade in raw materials and finished goods with the Africans as compared to the slave trade	10
304089830	Quinine	extract from the bark of the cinchona tree, provided partial immunity to malaria	11
304089831	Raj	term for British rule in India, term came from Indian raja or prince	12
304089832	Self-determination	the doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future	13
304089833	Sepoys	native troops hired by the East India Company to protect company interests	14
304089834	Shanghaied	English term for getting workers by unscrupulous means	15
304089835	Zamindars	Indian tax collectors who were assigned land, from which they kept part of the revenue	16
304089836	Bakufu	central government during the Tokugawa Shogunate	17
304089837	Daimyo	prominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection; similar to feudal lords in Europe	18
304089838	Economic imperialism	the process in which banks and corporations from developed nations invest in underdeveloped regions and establish a major presence there in the hope of making high profits; not necessarily the same as colonial expansion in that businesses invest where they can make a profit, which may not be in their own nation's colonies.	19
304089839	Eta	traditional slave class in Japan, their legal restrictions eliminated in 1871 as part of the Meiji Restoration	20
304089840	Genro	elder statesmen from the Sat-Cho clique, modernizing samurai who played a key role in the Meiji Restoration	21
304089841	Isolationism	a foreign policy in which a nation refrains from making alliances or engaging actively in international affairs.	22
304089842	Kokutai	core ideology of the Japanese state after the Meiji restoration that embodied concept of Japanese uniqueness with the supreme authority of the emperor	23
304089843	Meiji Restoration	the period during the late 19th and early 20th century in which fundamental economic and cultural changes occurred in Japan, transforming it from a fundamentally feudal and agrarian society to an industrial and technological society	24
304089844	Militarism	a policy of aggressive military preparedness; in particular, the large armies based on mass conscription and complex, inflexible plans for mobilization that most European nations had before World War I.	25
304089845	Nationalism	a sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community-a nation-that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual's primary political loyalty.	26
304089846	New imperialism	the revival of imperialism after 1880 in which European nations established colonies throughout much of Asia and Africa.	27
304089847	Open Door	U.S. policy towards China, product of U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, proposal to ensure equal economic access to Chinese market for all states	28
304089848	Samurai	literally retainer; similar to European knights. Usually in service to a particular shogun, these warriors lived by a strict code of ethics and duty.	29
304089849	Sat-Cho	alliance between two outside daimyo territories, Satsuma and Choshu, forced the Tokugawa shogun to promise to end relations with the West	30
304089850	Self-strengthening	movement in the late Qing period, Western technology would be adopted while Confucian principles and institutions would remain intacts	31
304089851	Shogunate system	system the system of government in Japan in which the emperor exercised only titular authority while the shogun (regional military dictators) exercised actual political power.	32
304089852	Sphere of influence	territory or region over which an outside nation exercises political or economic influence.	33
308389734	Three obediences	traditional constraints on Japanese women, child to father, wife to husband, widow to son	34
308389735	Tongmenghui	the political organization-Revolutionary Alliance-formed by Sun Yat-sen in 1905 which united various revolutionary factions and ultimately toppled the Manchu dynasty.	35
308389736	Zaibatsu	powerful business cartels formed in Japan during the Meiji era and outlawed following World War II.	36