Rhetorical Devices and Satire Vocab Flashcards

254656949	absolute language	describes something but lacks degrees; characteristic can't be more or less, has to be yes or no -help speaker convey confidence, self assurance, strong tone	0
254656950	ad hominem fallacy	litterally means "against the person"; part of argumentation, doesn't address soundness of another side's argument; attacks character of person conveying argument instead	1
254656951	allusion	indirect reference to commonly known thing, ie event, book, myth, place, art -speaker can use as comparative tool to appeal to audience's emotions (pathos)	2
254656952	anadiplosis	repetition of the last word (or phrase) from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next	3
254656953	analogy	similarity or comparison btwn 2 different thigns or relationship btwn them; can explain something unfamiliar by associating it w/ something familiar -can make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging	4
254656954	anaphora	repeating a word or phrase at beginning of successive clauses or sentences for emphasis and rhythm -often used to place emphasis on or draw attention to what it said	5
254656956	antimetabole	repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order -often used to place emphasis on or draw attention to what is said	6
254656957	antithesis	juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure -used to show contrast or opposition of thoughts	7
254656958	aphorism	concise statement of a principle of precept	8
254656959	asyndeton	leaving out the usual conjunctions btwn coordinate sentence elements -emphasizes or creates specific rhythm or pace -rush series of clauses together w/o conjunctions, as if tumbled togther by emotional haste	9
254656961	chiasmus	crossing parallelism, where 2nd part of grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by first part, only in reverse order; instead of A,B structure paralleled by another A,B structure, A,B is followed by B,A -often used to place emphasis on or draw attention to what is said	10
254656962	colloquial language	use of slang or informalities in speech or writing -generally not acceptable for formal writing; gives conversational familiar tone	11
254656963	complex sentence	sentence with an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses	12
254656964	conditional sentence	sentence that focuses on a question of truth or fact, introduced by 'if' or its equivalent -often works as method for speaker to appeal to audience's logic or common sense	13
254656965	cumulative sentence (loose sentence)	sentence that begins with independent clause and finishes with series of modifying constructions (phrases and/or clauses)	14
254656966	declarative sentence	sentence that makes a statement -can communicate or emphasize thta speaker/writier is confident	15
254656968	epistrophe	repetition of group of words at end of successive clauses -often used to place emphasis on what is said	16
254656971	hyperbole	exaggeration or embellishment for effect or to make a point	17
254656972	imagery	evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in reader; calls up sensations of sight, taste, smell, touch, heat, pressure -make abstracts and/or feelings concrete; often carries rich connotative meanings	18
254656973	imperative sentence	gives a direct command to someone; can have implied subject "you"	19
254656974	independent clause	word group containing a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence	20
254656975	juxtaposition	placing 2 ideas, words, or pictures side by side so that their closeness creates a new, sometimes ironic meaning	21
254656977	metaphor	implied comparison btwn 2 unlike things that doesn't use word 'like,' 'as,' 'so', or 'than'; most important of all tropes (figurative language)	22
254656978	metonymy	figure of speech where a thing associated w/ a person, place, or thing stands in for the original thing	23
254656980	parallelism	set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in sentence or paragraph; involves arrangement so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrased -can be used as rhythmic technique as a subtle repetition device emphasizing what is said and makes content more memorable	24
254656982	pathos	appeal to emotions or interests of audience so that they will be sympathetically inclined to accept a writer/speaker's afgument -typically includes connotatively loaded diction, imagery, and/or figurative language to appeal to human emotions -effect of emotional appeal often eclipses other appeals, so if writers want audience to act, not just reason, they often appeal to emotions	25
254656983	periodic sentence	sentence beginning w/ series of subordinate modifying phrases and clauses, often creating crescendo effect, and then ending w/ forceful independent clause -sentence only makes sense when end of sentence is reached	26
254693954	personification	figurative language which gives human qualitities and characteristics to non-human entities	27
254693955	polysyndeton	use of many conjunctions to separate clauses and phrases; often serves as tool to manipulate narrative pace of writing -tends t obe used to slow the pace; can also create sense of build-up or crescendo	28
254693957	qualifying language	word or sentence element limiting (or qualifying) another word, phrase, or clause	29
254693958	reductio ad absurdum	argumetative fallacy where proposition is disproven by following its implications logically to an absurd consequence	30
254693959	rhetorical question	question posed by speaker/writer not to seek an answer but instead to affirm or deny a point simply by asking a question about it -used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement; can appeal to audience's common sense or logic	31
254693960	simile	explicit comparison btwn 2 unlike things signaled by use of 'like, as, so, than'	32
254693962	subordinate clause	group of words including a subject and verb but can't stand on its own as a sentence; linked to independent clause by subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun; can function as an adjective, adverb, noun	33
254693963	syllogism	series of statements where a logical conclustion is drawn from inarguable premises	34
254693964	synecdoche	figure of speech where part of something is used to refer to its whole	35
254693966	understatement (aka litotes)	common figure of speech where literal sense of what is said falls detectably short of (or 'under') the magnitude of what is being talked about	36
254693968	zuegma	figure of speech where one word, usually preposition or verb, yokes together 2 other elements that are unrelated	37
314592541	antiphrasis	a word that's usually ironic and implies the exact oppposite of its literal meaning	38
314592545	conceit	entire work is one long metaphor; almost mawkish (sickly sentimental)	39
314592547	ellipsis	when words are left out and it's understood what is missing; ie "I am a man of conscience, of moral fiber."	40
314592550	indefinite pronoun	refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that may or may not be specifically named	41
314592554	paradox	statement that seems contradictory, but makes sense; extended version of oxymoron; ie my only love sprang from my only hate	42
314622153	situational irony	expect one thing, get something else; mostly in fiction	43
314622154	dramatic irony	reader knows something that characters don't; mostly in fiction	44
314622155	verbal irony	devices that create irony, ie antiphrasis; in fiction and non-fiction	45
375284860	monosyllabic	one syllable, can manipulate to cater to audiences	46
375284861	polysyllabic	multiple syllables, can manipulate to cater to audiences	47
375308078	euphonious	pleasant sounding; onomatopoetic words, cater to audiences	48
375308079	cacophonous	sharp sounding words; onomatopoetic words, cater to audience	49
375308080	literal/denotative	dictionary meaning	50
375308081	figurative/connotative	"picture" meaning	51
375308082	prosaic	takes its time, paragraph writing	52
375308083	poetic	concentrated, ambiguity in word choice intended by authors	53
375308084	objective	journalistic, without bias	54
375308085	subjective	may have bias	55
375308086	concrete	mostly nouns; tangible; able to touch, smell, hear	56
375308087	abstract	mostly nouns; not tangible; emotions, ideologies, philosophical	57
375308088	pedestrian	common "everyday" talk	58
375308089	pedantic/inflated/overly formal	very formal language; scholarly	59
375308090	volugarity	swearing, double entendres	60
375308091	slang	euphemisms (saying "not so nice" thinkgs in nice ways); generational	61
375308092	jargon	specific to certain fields; ie lawyers' jargon, computer geeks	62
375308093	cliche	worn out expressions	63
375308094	informal/idiomatic/dialectal	verancular, dialects	64
375308095	fromal	anything cerenomial or academic	65
375308096	simple sentence	one and only one independent clause, not necessarily short sentences-adding prepositional and infinitives	66
375308097	compound sentence	2+ indpendent clauses, generally joined by FANBOYS and comma	67
375308098	compound-complex sentence	2+ independent clauses and 2+ dependent clauses	68
375308099	exclamatory sentence	declarative sentence with exclamation point	69
375308100	interrogative	questions (include rhetorical questions)	70
375308101	natural/basic sentence	start with subject, then verb	71
375308102	parallel sentence	listing of 2+ things in grammatic form; similar structure	72
375308103	balanced sentence	parallel structure-only 2 things in comparison or contrast with grammatic equivalency; ie parallel word phrases, clause structure, paragraph	73
375308104	interrupted sentence	ie using dashes, ellipses, part of dialogue to interrupt something	74
375308105	inverted sentence	stars with verb, then subject; ie Stand I. vs. I stand; corrupting natural order	75
375308106	oxymoron	specialized kinds of antithesis; pairing of 2 words; ie jumbo shrimp	76
375308107	catalogue/listing	ie Merriwether Lewis; can reveal a style; ie journalistic	77
375308108	apposition (appositive)	modifies noun, set apart by commas	78
375308109	paranthetical	another form of apposition, just set in paranthesis instead of commas; interrupter; additional information	79
375308110	epanalepsis	use same word or phrase at beginning and end of sentence	80
375308111	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds; ie hoop, scoop, droop	81
375308112	consonance	repetition of consonant sounds anywhere in words; ie killer, locked	82
375308113	alliteration	repetition of consonant sounds at beginning of words; ie killer crept closer	83
375308114	onomatopoeia	batman words; ie pow, shazam, zowie	84
375308115	zeugma (specifically, mesozeugma)	yoking together 2 unlike things with either verb or preposition	85
375308116	syllepsis	comic zeugma	86
375308117	spatial organization	arrangement of ideas in a speech according to location or position	87
375308118	chronological organization	ordering ideas by time	88
375308119	logical/syllogistic organization	...	89
375308120	parallel organization	...	90
375308121	balanced organization	...	91
375308122	juxtaposed/antithetical organization	...	92
375308123	periodic organization	...	93
375308124	aphoristic organization	...	94