AP European History Ch. 17 Vocabulary

Eastern Absolutism

201464063	War of Austrian Succession	(1740-1748) Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Hapsburg family. Before the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and archduke of Austria, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him.
201464064	Junkers	Members of the Prussian landed aristocracy, a class formerly associated with political reaction and militarism.
201464065	Pragmatic Sanction	Issued by Charles VI of Austria in 1713 to assure his daughter Maria Theresa gained the throne.
201464066	Charles VI	(r. 1711-1740) Obsessed with keeping the Habsburg empire together, issued the Pragmatic Sanction. No make heir so the empire passed to Maria Theresa.
201464067	Maria Theresa	(r. 1740-1780) Won the War of Austrian Succession after defeating Frederick II of Prussia, but losing Silesia.
201464068	Romanovs	Russian dynasty, started with Michael Romanov after the Time of Troubles and lasted until the revolution in 1917 and the execution of Nicholas II.
201464069	Hohenzollern	German royal family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia (1525). Under Frederick I (r. 1701-1713) the family's possessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia.
201464070	Frederick William the Great Elector	First man who made modern Prussia.
201464071	Boyars	Land owning aristocracy in early Russia.
201464072	Dvorianie	Established by Peter the Great, they received land and control of the peasants.
201464073	Muscovy	A former principality in west-central Russia. Centered on Moscow, it was founded c. 1280 and existed as a separate entity until the 16th century, when it was united with another principality to form the nucleus of the early Russian empire. The name was then used for the expanded territory.
201464074	Magyars	Land owning aristocracy in Hungary.
201464075	The Royal Society of London	Established by Charles II in 1662; purpose to help the sciences.
201464076	Voltaire	French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightenment despot best form of government.
201464077	Deism	God built the universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory.
201464078	Enlightened Despot	Enlightened ruler. Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great.
201464079	Humanitarianism	Promoting human welfare and social reform.
201464080	Second Treatise of Government	(1690) Written by Locke, Government crated to protect life, liberty, and property.
201464081	Essay Concerning Human Understanding	(1690) Written by Locke, tabula rasa theory.
201464082	Rococo	Art style that focuses on pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits.
201464083	The Spirit of Laws	(1748) Montesquieu, about separation of powers.
201464084	The Social Contract	Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis.
201464085	Candide	Voltaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe.
201464086	Montesquieu	French philosopher. Wrote The Spirit of Laws. Said "Power checks power". Separation of powers. Form of government varies according to climate.
201464087	Capitalism	Economic theory of maintaining balance of exports and imports. The opposite of socialism and communism.