Chapter 20 AP World Flashcards

306996767	absolutism	a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)	0
306996768	Anglicans	Followers of the Church of England after the King divorced his wife	1
306996769	Calvinists	Doctrine was similar to that of Lutherans' except Calvinists also believed in predestination and the insignificance of humanity.	2
306996770	capitalism	an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.	3
306996771	Catherine the Great	This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia	4
306996772	constitutional states	Representative institutions, shared power and authority, wealthy merchants prominent, maritime trade favored, England, Netherlands.	5
306996773	Enlightenment	a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	6
306996774	Galileo Galilei	Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	7
306996775	Habsburgs	German princely family who ruled in alliance with the Holy Roman Empire and controlled most of Central Europe	8
306996776	Isaac Newton	English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.	9
306996777	Johannes Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)	10
306996778	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)	11
306996779	Martin Luther	a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	12
306996780	Nicolaus Copernicus	Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)	13
306996781	Ninety-five theses	This was the letter Martin Luther wrote to Archbishop Albert which explained that indulgences undermined the seriousness of the sacrament of penance	14
306996782	Peace of Westphalia	Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe.	15
306996783	Peter the Great	czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government	16
306996784	Society of Jesus	a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen	17