AP bio Chapter 7

83558744	resolving power	A measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as two separate points
83558745	cell fractionation	technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated
83558746	nucleus	a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
83558747	endoplasmic reticulum	a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
83558748	food vacuole	Vacuole in cytoplasm that stores food, sarcodines surround a food source, create a vacuole and digest it
83558749	chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
83558750	cytoskeleton	a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
83558751	pseudopodia	A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding
83558752	organelle	a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
83558753	cytoplasm	a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
83558754	chromatin	long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
83558755	smooth ER	Ribosomes are not found on its surface. It contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
83558756	contractile vacuole	saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell
83558757	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP
83558758	microtubules	are hollow tubes, like plumbing pipes that maintain the shape of the cell and serve as tracks for organelles to move along within the cell
83558759	cell wall	strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
83558760	electron microscope	a microscope that is similar in purpose to a light microscope but achieves much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object instead of a beam of light
83558761	prokaryotic cell	A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea
83558762	chromosome	threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
83558763	rough ER	A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.
83558764	central vacuole	A membrane-enclosed sac occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell, having diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.
83558765	plastid	any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
83558766	microfilaments	Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
83558767	plasmodesmata	An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells
83558768	TEM	Trasmission Electron Microscope; used to study parts inside of a cell; only dead cells can be observed
83558769	SEM	Scanning Electron Microscope (250.000 x) Spray with metallic cover. Scans surface. Makes 3D.
83558770	eukaryotic cell	A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
83558771	plasma membrane	thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
83558772	nucleolus	The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
83558773	ribosome	small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
83558774	golgi apparatus	stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
83558775	phagocytosis	process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
83558776	peroxisome	A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
83558777	mitochondria	Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
83558778	thylakoid	A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
83558779	stroma	The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
83558780	flagella	long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
83558781	cilia	short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell
83558782	tight junctions	Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
83558783	gap junctions	Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.