APES 8, 9, 10

311138957	Bioaccumulation	The selective absorption and concentration of molecules by cells
311138958	Biomagnification	Increase in concentration of certain stable chemicals (for example heavy metals or fat-soluble pesticides) in successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web.
311138959	Acute effects	Sudden severe effects
311138960	Carcinogens	Substances that cause cancer
311138961	Allergens	Substances that activate the immune system
311138962	Chronic effects	Long-lasting results of exposure to a toxin; can be a permanent change caused by a single, acute exposure or a continuous, low-level exposure
311138963	Emergent disease	A new disease or one that has been absent for at least 20 years.
311138964	Sick building syndrome	Headaches, allergies, chronic fatigue and other symptoms caused by poorly vented indoor air contaminated by pathogens or toxins
311138965	Synergism	An interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another. The sum of the interaction is greater than the parts.
311138966	Teratogen	Chemicals or other factor that specifically cause abnormalities during embryonic growth and development
311138967	Endocrine disrupters	Chemicals that disrupt normal hormone functions
311138968	Mutagen	Agents, such as chemicals or radiation, that damage or alter genetic material in cells
311138969	Neurotoxin	Toxic substances, such as lead or mercury, that specifically poison nerve cells
311138970	Pathogen	An organism that produces disease in a host organism, disease being an alteration of one or more metabolic functions in response to the presence of the organism.
311138971	reduced tillage systems	Systems such as minimum till, conserve-till, and no-till, that preserves soil, saves energy and water, and increase crop yield.
311138972	Agroecology	Practices that use the Principles of Ecology to show how we can live more harmoniously with the land while still producing the food and the fiber we need
311138973	sustainable agriculture	An ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just, and humane agricultural system.
311138974	Transgenic organisms	An alternative term used to describe genetically modified organisms.
311138975	GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)	Organisms whose genetic code has been altered by artificial means such as interspecies gene transfers.
311138976	Mulch	Protective ground cover, including both natural products and syntheticc materials that protect the soil, save water, and prevent weed growth.
311138977	Locavore	Person who eats locally grown, seasonal food.
311138978	cover crop	Plants such as rye, alfalfa or clover that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold, protect, and amend the soil.
311138979	Biofuels	Fuels such as ethanol, methanol, or vegetatable oils from crops.
311138980	Desertification	Conversion of productive lands to deserts
311138981	streambank erosion	Washing away of soil from banks of streams and rivers.
311138982	CSA (Community-supported Agriculture)	A program in which you can make an annual or monthly contribution to a local farm in return for weekly deliveries of a "share" of whatever the farm produces.
311138983	Salinization	A process in which mineral salts accumulate in the soil, killing plants; occurs when soils in dry climates are irrigated profusely.
311138984	gully erosion	Removal of layers of soil, creating channels or ravines too large to be removed by normal tillage operations.
311138985	rill erosion	The removing of thin layers of soil as little rivulets of running water gather and cut small channels in the soil.
311138986	sheet erosion	Peeling off thin layers of soil from the land surface; accomplished primarily by wind and water.
311138987	green revolution	Dramatically increased agricutural production brought by "miracle" strains of grain; usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides.
311138988	Subsoil	A layer of soil beneath the top soil that has a lower organic content and higher concentrations if fine mineral particles; often contains soluble compounds and clay particles carried down by percolating water
311138989	Topsoil	The first true layer of soil; layer in which organic material is mixed with the mineral particles.
311138990	Arable	Farmable lands
311138991	E horizon	Zone of leaching where dissolved or suspended materials move downward.
311138992	C horizon	Horizon of parent material comprised of partially broken down inorganic minerals.
311138993	B horizon	Horizon where there is an accumulation of iron, aluminum, humic compounds, and clay leached down from the A and E horizons.
311138994	A horizon	Topsoil; Mineral particles mixed with organic material. Can range from several meters thick under virgin prairie to almost nothing in dry deserts.
311138995	soil horizons	Horizontal layers that reveal a soil's history, characteristics, and usefulness.
311138996	soil texture pyramid	Diagram showing matrix of percent sand, silt, clay; used to determine soil composition.
311138997	Humus	Sticky, brown, insoluble residue from the bodies of dead plants and animals; gives soil its structure, coating mineral particles and holding them together; serves as a major source of plant nutrients.
311138998	Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)	Facilities in which large numbers of animals spend most or all of their life in confinement.
311138999	FAO	UN Food and Agricultural Organization; purpose is to improve nutrition and eliminate hunger by coordinating the efforts of governments in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
311139000	Aquaculture	Growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks.
311139001	Bycatch	The part of a fishing vessel's catch that consists of fish and other ocean life forms that it was not targeting and cannot use.
311139002	Anemia	Low levels of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency or lack of red blood cells.
311139003	Malnourishment	A nutritional imbalance caused by lack of specific dietary components or inability to absorb or utilize essential nutrients.
311139004	Fumigants	Toxic gases such as methyl bromine that are used to kill pests.
311139005	Biological controls	Use of natural predators, pathogens, or competitors to regulate pest populations.
311139006	Fungicides	A chemical that kills fungi.
311139007	Herbicides	A chemical that kills plants.
311139008	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	Hyrdrocarbon molecules to which chlorine atoms are attached.
311139009	Pesticide	Any chemical that kills, controls, drives away, or modifies the behavior of a pest.
311139010	Insecticides	A chemical that kills insects.
311139011	Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)	Chemical compounds that persist in the environment and retain biological activity for long times.
311139012	Pesticide treadmill	A need for constantly increasing doses or new pesticides to prevent pest resurgence.
311139013	Natural organic pesticides	"Botanicals" or organic compounds naturally occurring in plants, animals or microbes that serve as pesticides.
311139014	Pest resurgence	Rebound of pest populations due to acquired resistance to chemicals and nonspecific destruction of natural predators and competitors by broad scale pesticides.
311139015	Integrated pest management (IPM)	An ecologically based pest-control strategy that relies on natural mortality factors, such as natural enemies, weather, cultural control methods, and carefully applied doses of pesticides.
311139016	Microbial agents	Beneficial microbes (bacteria, fungi) that can be used to suppress or control pests.