Unit 5 - Chapter 18 Flashcards

316555193	Ivan III (the Great)	Prince of the Duchy of Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from the Mongols;took the title of tsar (Caesar).	0
316555194	Third Rome	Russian claim to be the successor of the Roman and Byzantine empires.	1
316555195	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of the boyars; continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	2
316555196	Cossacks	peasant-adventurers with agricultural and military skills recruited to conquer and settle innewly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia.	3
316555197	Time of Troubles	early 17th century period of boyar efforts to regain power and foreign invasion following the death without an heir of Ivan IV; ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	4
316555198	Old Believers	conservative Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many were exiled to southern Russia or Siberia.	5
316555199	Peter I (the Great)	tsar from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	6
316555200	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina; combined receptivity to selective Enlightenment ideas with strong centralizing policies; converted the nobility to a service aristocracy by granting them new power over the peasantry.	7
316555201	obruk	labor obligations of Russian peasants owed either to their landlords or to the state; part of the increased burdens placed on the peasantry during the 18th century.	8
316555202	Pugachev rebellion	unsuccessful peasant rising led by cossack Emelyan Pugachev during the 1770s; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter.	9