ap world history unit 5 set a Flashcards

316666046	Protoindustrialization	preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full- or part-time producers who worked at home in a capitalist system in which materials, work, orders, and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to the Industrial revolution	0
316666047	laissez faire	idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs	1
316666048	Enclosure Acts	privatization of communal resources, creation of labor force; land taken from peasants; sent massive amounts of people to work in the city, in factories with machines;, commons are fenced off, people look for jobs in the city	2
316666049	Transcontinental Railroad	Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west;, Railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast	3
316666050	Urbanization	movement of people from rural areas to cities	4
316666051	textiles	cloth	5
316666052	bourgeoisie	the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people	6
316666053	Three Estates	the first estate was the clergy and the second was the nobles. Both the first and second had special privileges that they enjoyed under the regime; they were not taxed. The third estate was made up of mainly peasants. They were discontented because they had no money and they didn't have much say in anything. They were not considered to be of any value, so they were ignored.	7
316666054	Estates General	an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France	8
316666055	Utopian Socialism	Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively (616	9
316666056	Communism	a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.	10
316666057	Marx & Engels	writers of Communist Manifesto -- promised that growing poverty of alienation of the proletariat would bring to industrialized Europe a class war against the capitalists. They developed ideas about socialism and suggested that productive forces (technology, material resources) determined economic relationships. They made up the foundation of society and in turn determined the structure of government, laws, religions and cultures.	11