AP World History Chapter 10 Vocabulary Flashcards

315334581	zen	The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son.	0
315334582	movable type	Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century.	1
315334583	hangzhou	Second Song capital after the first is taken over by the Kaifang	2
315334584	gentry	In China, the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. Respected for their education and expertise, these ofﬁcials became a privileged group and made the government more efﬁcient and responsive than in the past. The term gentry also denotes the class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy.	3
315334585	flying money	Intercity or inter-regional credit, paper money could be redeemed for coinage at another location in song empire.	4
315334586	wood block printing	The wood block is carefully prepared as a relief matrix, which means the areas to show blacked are cut away with a knife, chisel, or sandpaper leaving the characters or image to show in 'black' at the original surface level. The block was cut along the grain of the wood. It is only necessary to ink the block and bring it into firm and even contact with the paper or cloth to achieve an acceptable print	5
315334587	koryo	Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259.	6
315334588	mahayana buddhism	"Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.	7
315334589	fujiwara	Aristocratic family that dominated the Japanese imperial court between the ninth and twelfth centuries.	8
315334590	tale of genji	written in year 1000 by a noblewoman saying women should be educated in 7 general subjects, created bad impression if they are educated on one general subject	9
315334591	Kamakura shogunate	The ﬁrst of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333).	10
315334592	the tale of heike	anonymous account of clan wars in the 13th century. appreciation of the Buddhist doctrine impermanence of worldly things	11
315334593	annam	early elite of Vietnam who had many aspects of Chinese culture in their lives	12
315334594	champa	south Vietnamese state. india and malaya were strong influences on it.	13
315334595	champa rice	Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state.	14
315334596	Li Shimin	(599-649) One of the founders of the Tang Empire, and its second emperor (626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia.	15
315334597	Tang Empire	An empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded in 618 and ended in 907. Their emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an.	16
315334598	Grand Canal	A 1100 mile long waterway linking the Yellow and YangziRivers. Begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui. A major part of trade and commerce for the Tang.	17
315334599	Tributary System	System in which countries in East and Southeast Asia, not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China in exchange for trading rights or alliances.	18
315334600	Uighurs	A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. They were significant because they rivaled the Tang.	19
315334601	Tibet	Country centered on the plateau north of India. Their political power occasionally extended farther to the north and west between the 7th and 8th centuries. A rival to the Tang. At one point they had an alliance with the Tang.	20
315334602	Liao Empire/ Khitan People	Land from Siberia to Central Asia. The rulers prided themselves on their pastoral traditions which contributed to their military might. Buddhism outweighed Confucianism. From 916-1121, they took the Song Empire under their rule.They fell to the Jurchens.	21
315334603	The Jurchens	From northeastern Asia, had an alliance with the Song, against the Liao, but turned on them after taking down the Liao. They pushed the Song south after taking their capital in 1127. Learned military techniques from the Khitans.	22
315334604	An Lushan	In 755, this Tang general was appointed as regional commander on the northeast frontier. He led 200,000 soldiers in a rebellion to force the emperor to flee Chang'an and to execute his favorite concubine. The rebellion lasted 8 years and benefited the military governors that suppressed it.	23
315334605	Battle of the Talas River	A battle in 751, where the formidable Tang armies lost to the Arab Muslim army. This helped lead to the Tang's fall, because of demoralization and underfunding, and it stopped expansion.	24
315334606	Song Empire	(960-1279) Empire in central and southern China (960-1126) while the Liao people contolled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics, like the improved compass and clock. Capital at Kaifeng until Jurchens took it.	25
315334607	Southern Song	(1127-1279) Empire in southern China while the Jin people controlled the north. Capital at Hangzhou, because the Jurchens took their capital and pushed them south. The Song made annual payments to the Jin to avoic open warfare.	26
315334608	Junk	A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang, Ming, and Song Empires. It was important because it was especially useful for long-distance travel for commercial reasons.	27
315334609	Gunpowder	A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal in various proportions. It was first brought to China, 400's or 500's, to use in fumigators for keeping pests and spirits away. Then it was later used for explosives, like the Song's explosive shell, and to propel cannonballs and bullets.	28
315334610	Neo-confucianism	New approaches to understanding classic Confucian texts that became the basic ruling philosophy of China from the Song to the 20th century. This emphasizes that humans are moral, rational, and good. It was very influential, and people wanted to become sages.	29