AP English III / Falkner - Poetic Elements
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| 115200039 | allegory | a tale in prose or verse in which characters, actions or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities | |
| 115200040 | allusion | a reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that the writer expects the reader to recognize | |
| 115200041 | cliche | commonly used phrases, images, etc. that are no longer considered "fresh"; try to avoid these | |
| 115200042 | connotation | what is implied in a word or suggested by it beyond its recognized simple meaning | |
| 115200043 | denotation | the dictionary meaning of a word | |
| 115200044 | diction | choice of words | |
| 115200045 | hyperbole | a figure of speech using exaggeration or overstatement, for special effect | |
| 115200046 | imagery | note the difference between concrete and abstract words or phrases that create pictures or images in the reader's mind. appeals to the senses | |
| 115200047 | irony | a contrast or incongruity between what is stated and what is meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens | |
| 115200048 | verbal irony | the speaker's meaning and intent are the opposite of what's said | |
| 115200049 | dramatic irony | speaker's views and ideas are different from those of the author | |
| 115200050 | situational irony | events turn out to be different from or opposite from what is expected | |
| 115200051 | juxtaposition | the placement of words, phrases, or ideas next to each other for a specific effect such as humor, surprise, or irony | |
| 115200052 | metaphor | a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things, which are basically dissimilar ("life is a dream") | |
| 115200053 | meter | the pattern of accented and accented syllables in a line of verse | |
| 115200054 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself ("Crown" for king) | |
| 115200055 | oxymoron | a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms ("living death") | |
| 115200056 | paradox | a rhetorical device that implies a contradiction in terms or concepts but that actually expresses something that is true (Don't go near the water until you've learned to swim) | |
| 115200057 | personification | a figure of speech in which something nonhuman is given human qualities | |
| 115200058 | speaker | the narrator, point of view, or persona through whom the poet is speaking. should not be confused with the poet. | |
| 115200059 | structure | the organizational plan of a poem determined by its development of ideas (content) and its corresponding use of form to establish specific structural divisions. | |
| 115200060 | symbol | any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, belief, or value | |
| 115200061 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part of a thing is used to stand for or suggest the whole ("Faces" for people) | |
| 115200062 | theme | the main idea or concept around which a poem develops | |
| 115200063 | blank verse | not so much a kind of poem, but more of a way poetry is written. it is composed of a series of unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter | |
| 115200064 | free verse | much like blank verse in that is isn't a kind of poem. it is defined by lines in a poem that have no specific metrical or rhythmical patters. most of the poems in the anthology are free verse, as are man contemporary poems | |
| 115200065 | enjambment | the running on of one line to the other without stopping for punctuation | |
| 115200066 | end stop | the ending of a line with puncuation | |
| 115200067 | onomatopoeia | the use of a word whose sound in some degree imitaties or suggest its meaning | |
| 115200068 | alliteration | the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants, in a group of words | |
| 115200069 | assonance | the repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry | |
| 115200070 | consonance | the repetition of similar consonant sounds, usually at the ends | |
| 115200071 | euphony | using smooth and pleasant sounds | |
| 115200072 | cacophony | using rough and harsh sounding words | |
| 115200073 | elegy | a lyric poem noted for its formality in tone and diction, usually written in response to a death or to contemplation of a tragedy. traditionally, it moves from grief to lament to consolation | |
| 115200074 | epigraph | an inscription, motto, or quotation at the beginning of a literary composition | |
| 115200075 | free verse | lines having no specific metrical or rhyming pattern. | |
| 115200076 | sestina | a lyrical poem organized into six stanzas of six lines each, usually followed by a conclusion of three lines. the last words of the six lines of the first stanza are repeated in the subsequent stanzas 1-2-3-4-5-6 6-1-5-2-4-3 3-6-4-1-2-5 5-3-2-6-1-4 4-5-1-3-6-2 2-4-6-5-3-1 2-4-6/5-3-1 | |
| 115200077 | found poem | a poem taken directly from another source, but limited to the taker's meaning | |
| 115200078 | sonnet | fourteen line poem - usually in iambic pentameter | |
| 115200079 | petrarchan (Italian) sonnet | ABBA ABBA CDE DCE / CDE CDE / CDC CDC | |
| 115200080 | english sonnet | Three quatrains each with its own rhyme schemes ABAB CDCD EFEF GG(<--ex) | |
| 115200081 | villanelle | six stanzas: 5 triplets and a quatrain ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABAA | |
| 115200082 | imagist | poem which consists entirely of concise, speciific images - bits of information about the world registered by the senses | |
| 115200083 | haiku | 5 syllables 7 syllables 5 syllables |