Coombs - APES Chapter 9

243038583	Thomas Malthus	English economist: Said that population tends to increase more rapidly than food supplies
243038584	Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
243038585	Crude Death Rate (CDR)	total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
243038586	Fertility	number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
243038587	Replacement-level Fertility	number of children a couple must have to replace themselves; 2.1 for developed countries, 2.5 for developing countries
243038588	Population Momentum	populations will typically continue growing even if they have reached replacemet-level fertility due to built-in potential for population growth from a large number of individuals entering reproductive age
243038589	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	average number of children a woman typically has during her reproductive years
243038590	Life Expectancy	average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
243038591	Infant Mortality Rate	number of babies out of every 1,000 born who die before their first birthday
243038592	Migration	movement of people into (immigration) and out of (emigration) a particular area
243038593	Age Structure	distribution of males and females in each age group in a specific population
243038594	Demographic Transition	as countries become industrialized their death rates decline first followed by their birth rates
243038595	Preindustrial Stage	little population growth; high birth rates and high death rates; first stage of the demographic transition
243038596	Transitional Stage	industrialization begins; death rates drop and birth rates remain high; stage 2 of the demographic transition; also referred to as the epidemiological transition
243038597	Industrial Stage	death rates are already low and birth rates decline; overall population growth slows; stage 3 of the demographic transition; also referred to as the fertility transition
243038598	Postindustrial Stage	death rates are alerady low and birth rates continue to drop and population growth equals zero or negative growth; final stage of the demographic transition
243038599	Epidemiological Transition	also known as stage 2 or transitional stage of the demographic transition when death rates drop due to reliable food supply as well as improvements in basic hygeine, sanitation, and basic medicine
243038600	Fertility Transition	also known as stage 3 or preindustrial stage in the demographic transition when birth rates begin dropping
243038601	Family Planning	educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them