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Ap World Exam

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116418554Components of Civilizationadvanced cities
116418555Components of CivilizationSystem of writing
116418556Components of Civilizationadvanced technology
116418557Components of Civilizationskilled workers (artisans)
116418558Components of Civilizationcomplex institutions (religion and government)
116418559independent invention-an idea or technology created without any outside influence
116418560diffusion-an idea or technology that is introduced to a region/society/civilization by another civilization (conquest, trade, etc)
116418561Permanent settlements:Villages►Towns►Cities (Catal Hayuk)
116418562Specialized Workers:don't have to farm can have another job (commerce, textiles, religious leaders)
116418563Technological Innovations:Copper►Gold►Bronze (weapons, luxury goods)
116418564Governments:development of cities requires large public works (roads, irrigation, buildings)
116418565Governmentsgovernments formed to organize and oversee these
116418566Governmentsalso to protect the population
116418567Social Classes:arose from amount of land owned
116418568Religion:began as explanation of natural processes and natural disasters, eventually leaders rose to perform rituals and devote their life to these deities...very, very polytheistic
116418569Nomadic v. Agricultural Societiesnot just moving around v. staying put, also involves emotional issues
116418570Nomadic v. Agricultural Societieswhen you stay in the same place for generations, you think of it as your home...
116418571Nomadic v. Agricultural Societiessomeone else comes in, you think of them as intruders rather than neighbors
116418572Nomadic v. Agricultural Societiesconflict eventually erupts...
116418573lack of natural barriers =frequent invasion (Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians)
116418574Babylonian King:Hammurabi (Law Code of Hammurabi)
116418575Egypt3000 BCE
116418576EgyptNile River Valley
116418577Egyptmostly agricultural settlements along the Nile, very few cities
116418578Egypttrade connects villages (flow of Nile- North)
116418579EgyptPharaoh: god on earth, pyramids (tombs),mummification
116418580Egyptbronze from Mesopotamia, iron from Kush
116418581Egyptwriting: hieroglyphics
116418582Egyptnatural barriers protected from invasion (Mediterranean, Sahara)
116418583Indus Valley2500 BCE
116418584Indus ValleyIndus River Valley (Pakistan)
116418585Indus Valleyunpredictable flooding
116418586Indus ValleyCities: grid pattern (Mohenjo Daro and Harappa)
116418587Indus Valleyrunning water and sewage in houses
116418588Indus Valley1500 BCE- invaded by Indo-Aryans
116418589Indus Valleyconquest had significant impact on future of region
116418590Yellow River Valleymost isolated: deserts, mountains, seas
116418591Yellow River ValleyShang Dynasty- earliest, first to develop writing
116418592Yellow River Valleyflooding brings need for strong central government
116418593Yellow River Valleyelaborate palaces and tombs
116418594Yellow River Valleyoracle bones (divination)
116418595Yellow River Valleyancestor worship
116418596Yellow River Valleymandate of heaven (Shang fell to Zhou because of this)
116418597Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y,need for cooperation led to development of centralized government
116418598Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y,knowledge of metallurgy (whether by or diffution inventions led to advanced weapons, tools, and art
116418599Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y,writing systems, social classes, patriarchy, polytheism
116418600Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y,trade with neighboring civilizations
116418601Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y,warfare: external and internal pressures
116418602ChinaTheme....Geographic isolation led to rare invasions and a distinct identity
116418603ChinaPattern of rule...dynasty (family of kings)
116418604Zhou Dynastyrulers referred to themselves as the Sons of Heaven (centralization, "awe of emperor", explanation of dynastic cycle, loyalty)
116418605Zhou Dynastyrule was known as Mandate of Heaven
116418606Zhou Dynastystandardized language- Mandarin
116418607Qin Dynasty...one which gives China it's name
116418608Qin Dynastystandardized weights, measures, coins
116418609Qin Dynastyuniform written language...unity
116418610Han Dynastyextend borders, open trade to India, Mediterranean (Silk Han Dynasty technology: canals, ox drawn plows, paper, water powered mills
116418611Han Dynastyperiod of peace...like the Pax Romana
116418612Significance of Classical Chineseincreasingly centralized governments, bureaucracy
116418613Significance of Classical Chineseexpanding influence over rest of Asia
116418614Significance of Classical Chineseincrease in production of luxury goods, silk
116418615Significance of Classical Chineseincrease in trade along Silk Road
116418616Significance of Classical Chineseoddly enough though the merchant was seen as "low standing" in Chinese culture
116418617Significance of Classical Chinesemost technologically advance civilizations of the classical era
116418618Significance of Classical Chinesebasis of tradition established: patriarchy, Confucian values
116418619Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Agedevelopment of social classes (ways to keep Aryans and natives separate)
116418620Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan AgeWarrior/governing - Kshatriyas
116418621Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan AgePriests - Brahmins
116418622Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Traders/farmers -Vaisyas
116418623Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Common laborers -Sudras
116418624Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Untouchables -refuse, transporting dead bodies, other lovely jobs
116418625Mauryan DynastyLarge army, unites almost entire Indian subcontinent
116418626Mauryan Dynastyestablishment of large bureaucracy
116418627Mauryan DynastyAshoka (grandson)- ruthless conqueror, changes mind and converts to helps spread of by rock and pillar edicts
116418628Gupta DynastyRulers, Buddhist Toleration
116418629Gupta: sati-widow suicide by jumping on dead husband's funeral pyre (fire)
116418630Gupta DynastyTechnology/Discoveries: zero as placeholder, Arabic numerals, decimal system, astronomy, surgery, illness Prevention
116418631Significance of Indian Classical CivilizationAryan influence, even today
116418632Significance of Indian Classical CivilizationDevelopment of Hinduism and Buddhism
116418633Significance of Indian Classical CivilizationCaste system: increasingly rigid
116418634Significance of Indian Classical Civilizationincrease in trade...Silk Roads
116418635Significance of Indian Classical CivilizationImpact of technological and scientific discoveries on later ages Europe
116418636Greece Sparta:military focus, slave labor, totalitarian society
116418637Greece Athens:democracy, achievements in art and architecture, trade
116418638Greece Persian Wars:alliance of Athens and Sparta v. Persia
116418639Greece Victory =dominance of Athens, leads to distrust, Peloponnesian War (Sparta v. Athens)
116418640Greece Culture:Greek Theater (tragedy and comedy), Olympic Games, philosophy (Aristotle)
116418641Greece Expansion:colonies surrounding Mediterranean
116418642Rome Expansion:Punic Wars (v. Carthage, Hannibal, elephants) begins, continues to Western Europe, Eastern Mediterranean
116418643Rome 45 BCE-rise of Julius Caesar, from republic to empire
116418644Rome 27 BCE-Augustus Octavian Caesar becomes Emperor, begins era of Pax Romana
116418645Rome Technology:roads, aqueducts, concrete, arches, Colosseum
116418646Rome Achievements:common language (Latin), common coinage, continuation of Greek traditions
116418647Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations:political patterns developed here still have influence of modern day
116418648Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations:cultural traditions and cultures shaped arts for centuries
116418649Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations:development of Christianity
116418650Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations:extensive trade brings new ideas and products
116418651Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations:use of slave labor led to decline in economic expansion
116418652Polytheismbeliefs in early River Polytheism animism: gods/goddesses found in nature (trees, stones, plants)
116418653Hinduismdeveloped form oral traditions/literature of the Aryans (India)
116418654Hinduismno single founder
116418655Hinduism polytheistic:didn't matter which god, just as long as you had one
116418656Hinduism Brahmins:priests
116418657Hinduism karma:good and bad deeds, determines what you are reincarnated as
116418658Hinduism dharma:moral code to guide life and actions
116418659Hinduismworship cattle as sacred, no eating of beef
116418660Hinduism Significance:reinforced caste system, continued influence today
116418661Buddhismfounded by Siddhartha Gautama, NE India, "Buddha"- not a deity
116418662Buddhismsimilar to Hinduism, nirvana, belief in reincarnation
116418663Buddhismdifferences from Hinduism: no caste system,
116418664BuddhismAppealed to lower classes because of belief in equality
116418665Buddhism Spread:trade (monasteries along trade routes), monks and nuns (early missionaries), Ashoka
116418666Buddhism Significance:alternative to Hinduism, spread to East and Southeast Asia
116418667ConfucianismEmerged during Era of Warring States
116418668Confucianismdeveloped by Confucius as a way to bring stability
116418669Confucianismgood government depended oneducated
116418670civiladherence to virtue, related government hierarchy to family hierarchy
116418671Confucianism Analects: recorded by followers,collection of rules
116418672Confucianism Spread:elements spread to those places under Chinese control (Korea, Vietnam) or those influenced by China (Japan)
116418673Confucianism Significance:cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture, basis of civil service exams, preserved gender roles
116418674Daoism Philosophy:balance in nature (yin and yang), follow "The Way"
116418675DaoismPolitical activism not necessary for harmony (opposed to Conf...)
116418676Daoism Spread:same as Confucianism
116418677Daoism Significance:blended with Confucianism, beliefs still in use today (Star Wars...the force)
116418678Judaismfirst monotheistic religion
116418679JudaismYahweh...God, Torah...Bible (Old Testament)
116418680Judaismfirst to emphasize power and abstraction of God
116418681Judaism Spread:Followers of Judaism did not try to convert others to their religion
116418682Judaism Significance:first monotheistic religion; foundation for future monotheistic religions of Christianity and Islam; pattern of persecution against Jewish people continues even today
116418683ChristianitySpread:missionaries by Roman roads, rapid spread, eventually accepted by Roman
116418684ChristianitySignificance:Christianity continues to have an enormous influence on Western Culture and is considered one of the West's most important cultural heirlooms from Roman times; Christianity had wide appeal among the poor and among women because its stress on the concept of equality in faith; served as a unifying force among Europeans after the fall of the Roman Empire; earliest organized Christianity in the form of Catholicism, which had a significant influence on Medieval and Early Modern European rulers
116418685"Islam"-submission to Allah
116418686Islam Muhammadbelieved Islam was extension of Christian and Jewish teachings
116418687Islam Beliefs: Five PillarsFaith- no God but Allah
116418688Islam Beliefs: Five PillarsPrayer- 5x daily
116418689Islam Beliefs: Five PillarsFasting- Ramadan
116418690Islam Beliefs: Five PillarsAlms- charity
116418691Islam Beliefs: Five PillarsPilgrimmage- Hajj
116418692Islam Muhammadfled in 622 CE because of persecution and invitation to mediate dispute in Medina
116418693Islam Muhammadfear of assassination if he stayed in Mecca
116418694Islam Muhammadgoing to Medina led to a lot of new followers joining him
11641869517th century-Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Central Asia
1164186968th century-North Africa, Indian, Iberia (Spain)
116418697India and Southeast Asia 12th century-control Indus River Valley
116418698India and Southeast Asiapopular with Hindu lower caste orders
116418699India and Southeast Asiaspread to SE Asia through merchants
116418700Africaagainst stateless societies of Africa (around kinship or clans)
116418701Africaspread along caravan routes
116418702AfricaEast Africa- by traders
116418703Africaonly Christian state of Africa- Ethiopia
116418704Significance of Islamlast world religion to develop
116418705Significance of Islamspread through trade and conquest
116418706Significance of Islampreserved advancements of ancient Greeks
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