5-Civil Liberties (Vocab)

29914882	Bill of Rights	adopted in 1791 by the states two years after the ratification of the Constitution, it established the basis of civil liberties for Americans.
29914883	Civil liberties	those rights of the people that are protected by the Bill of Rights.
29914884	Clear and Present Danger Doctrine	established in Schenck v United States (1919), it gives the government the right to censor free speech if, during national emergencies such as war, it can be proven that the result of the speech will significantly hurt national security.
29914887	Establishment clause	It places a restriction on government creating a "wall of separation" between church and state.
29914888	Exclusionary rule	rule that resulted from the Mapp v Ohio decision determining that police may obtain only that evidence that can be had through a legitimate search warrant. Other evidence found at the scene of the crime is not admissible, or is excluded, in the trial.
29914889	Fighting words doctrine	established in Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (1942), the decision incorporated into state law the concept that the government can limit free speech if it can be proved that the result of speech will cause physical violence.
29914890	Free Exercise Clause	Phrase found in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution that guarantees an individual the right to pray and believe in the religion of his or her choice by making it illegal for Congress to pass laws that restrict this right.
29914891	Gitlow v. New York (1925)	landmark decision in that the Supreme Court incorporated the First Amendment to a state case for the first time .
29914892	Incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment	doctrine that made the Bill of Rights apply to the states as a result of Supreme Court decisions. It reached a peak during the Warren Court in the late 1950s and 1960s.
29914895	Libel	Written publications that intentionally print false information that defames the character of an individual.
29914898	Prior restraint	The actions of a governmental body which result in the censorship of written material. In the "Pentagon Papers" case, President Nixon asked for an injunction to halt the publication of the confidential Defense Department documents by the New York Times.
29914901	Slander	Speech that intentionally gives false information or defames the character of an individual.
29914903	Symbolic speech	form of free speech interpreted by the Supreme Court as a guarantee under the First Amendment to the Constitution, such as wearing a black armband to protest a governmental action or burning an American flag in protest for political reasons.