AP Biology Study Cellular Protein

11/2/11

242580410	Proteins conformation determines its what	Form
242580411	Primary Structure of Protein = what	Sequence of amino acids
242580414	Secondary structure consists of what	Coils and Folds in the polypeptide chain
242580416	Tertiary Structure determined by what	Interactions among various side chains
242580421	Quaternary Structure consists of what	multiple polypeptide chains
242580424	Chaperonins	Protein molecules that assist building other proteins
242580427	Protein Denaturation?	Protein loses its shape
242580431	How do enzymes affect biochemical reactions?	Catalyze
242580437	What are 3 things that affect the rate at which a enzyme can work?	Temperature, pH level, and Concentration of enzymes
242580441	Allosteric Enzymes	catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways, but also control the rates of these pathways
242580444	Competitive Inhibition	the substrate and inhibitor cannot bind to the enzyme at the same time
242580448	Noncompetitive Inhibition	form of mixed inhibition where the binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme reduces its activity but does not affect the binding of substrate.
242580454	Negative Feedback	occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system,
242580460	What's protein phosphorylation? How is it used in signal transduction?	Adds a protein, changing its shape and cause a domino effect of reactions
242580464	Signal Transduction Pathway	Reception, Transduction, & Response
242580469	Metabolism?	Sum of all chemical buildup and breakdown
242580475	Carbohydrates Chemical Makeup	CH20
242580480	Proteins Chemical Makeup	Amino Acids
242580485	Nucleic Acids Chemical Makeup	Phosphate Group, Nitrogen Base, Sugar
242580489	Reception	Chemical message binds to protein on the cell surface
242580493	Transduction	Binding at the signal molecule, alters receptor protein.
242580497	Response	Transduction pathway triggers a response, Responses can vary from turning on a gene, activating an enzyme, rearranging the cytoskeleton.
242580502	Symport	2 species are co-transported in same direction by same transport protein
242580506	Antiport	2 species are co-transported in opposite directions by same transport protein
242580509	Electrogenic	A net electrical imbalance, is generated across the membrane by symport or antiport of charges species
242580512	Electroneutral	No net electrical imbalance, is generated across the membrane by symport or antiport of charges species
242580515	Integral Proteins	Permanently attached to the membrane ( intrinsic ) most span the phospholipid bilayer
242580518	Peripheral Proteins	Temporarily attached or associated with the membrane ( extrinsic )
242580521	Enzymatic Proteins	Selective Acceleration of Chemical Reaction
242580524	Structural Proteins	Support
242580527	Storage Proteins	Storage of Amino Acids
242580530	Transport Proteins	Transport of other substances
242580533	Hormonal Proteins	Coordination of an organisms activities
242580537	Receptor Proteins	Response of cell to chemical stimuli
242580539	Contractile Proteins	Movement
242580542	Defensive Proteins	Protection