AP Human Geography Flashcards

16822918	fieldwork	The study of geography by visiting places and observing the people that live there and how they react with the changes there.	0
16822919	human geography	The study of humans and their cultures, activities, and landscapes	1
16822920	Globalization	The expansion of economics, political and cultural processes to the point that they beome global in scale and impact.	2
16822921	physical geography	The spatial analysis of the sturcture of the earth and its features; plants, animals, climate.....	3
16822922	spatial	having to do with space and earth's surface. Sometimes synonym for geographic.	4
16822923	spatial distribution	location of geographic phenomena across space.	5
16822924	pattern	the design of spatial distribution	6
16822925	medical geography	the study of health and diseases with geographic perspective.	7
16822926	pandemic	an outbreak of disease that spreads world-wide.	8
16822927	epidemic	regional outbreak of a disease	9
16822928	spatial perspective	observing variations in geographic phenomena across space	10
16822929	five themes	location, human environment, region, place, movement	11
16822930	location	the geographical situation of people and things.	12
16822931	location theory	a logical attempt to explore the location pattern of an economic activity	13
16822932	human environment	reciprocal relationship between humans and environmnet	14
16822933	region	an area on the earht's surface that is marked	15
16822934	place	uniqueness of a location	16
16822935	sense of place	state of mind derived through the infusion of a place maybe by events that occured there.	17
16822936	perception of place	beliefs or understandings of a place through books or movies	18
16822937	movement	the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the world	19
16822938	spatial interactions	interactions in earth's space	20
16822939	distance	measurement of space between two places	21
16822940	assessability	the degree of ease at which it is possible to reach a certain location	22
16822941	connectivity	the degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network	23
16822942	landscape	the overall appearance of an area	24
16822943	cultural landscape	the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape	25
16822944	sequent occupance	the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place	26
16822945	cartography	the art and science of making maps	27
16822946	reference maps	maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features	28
16822947	thematic maps	maps that tell stories	29
16822948	absolue location	a place expressed in degrees, longitude, latitude, north or south, the equator, and north, south, east, west	30
16822949	global positioning system (gps)	satelite-based system that tells you where you are	31
16822950	geocaching	a hunt for a cache, gps coordinates which are placed on the internet by another cache	32
16822951	relative location	the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places	33
16822952	mental map	a map in your head	34
16822953	activity space	the space where everyday activities occur	35
16822954	remote sensing	collecting data through instruments that are distant from the area of object of study	36
16822955	geographic information system (gis)	a collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected	37
16822956	rescale	players at other scales support other positions	38
16822957	formal region	type of region marked by a certain homogenity is one or more phenomena	39
16822958	functional region	a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it	40
16822959	perceptional region	a region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity	41
16822960	culture	the way you live and the people around you	42
16822961	cutlural trait	a single attribute of a culture	43
16822962	cultural complex	many different cultures many different traits	44
16822963	independent invention	a trait that many cultural hearths that develop independent of each other	45
16822964	culture diffusion	the process of discemination, teh spread of an idea or innovation from its source area to other places	46
16822965	time-distance decay	the combination of time and distance	47
16822966	cultural barriers	things in the culture that stop or slow down the research	48
16822967	expansion diffusion	the spread of an innovation or an idea through a population and the numbers of those influenced rapidly increase	49
16822968	contagious diffusion	the distance controls spreading of an illness through a local population	50
16822969	hierarchical diffusion	an idea innovation spreads by first among the most connected places or peoples	51
16822970	stimulus diffusion	a cultural adaptation is cheated as a result fo the introduction of a cultural trait from another place	52
16822971	relocation diffusion	teh regional positional or situation of a place relative to the position of other places	53
16822972	geographic concept	ways of seeing the world spatically that are used by geographers in answering research questions	54
16822973	environmental determinism	teh view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development	55
16822974	isotherm	line on a map connecting points equal temperature values	56
16822975	possibilism	geographic viewpoint - a response to determinism that holds the human decision making	57
16822976	cultural ecology	an area of inquiry concened with culture as a system of adaptation to environment	58
16822977	population density	a mearurement of the number of people per given unit of land	59
16822978	arithmetic population density	the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area	60
16822979	physiological population density	the number of people per unit of area of arable land	61
16822980	population distribution	description of locations on teh earth's surface where populations live	62
16822981	dot map	maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon such as population	63
16822982	megalopolis	large cluster of supercities	64
16822983	census	a periodic and official count of coutries population	65
16822984	doubling time	the time it takes for a population to double in size	66
16822985	population explosion	the rapid growth of teh world's human population during the past century	67
16822986	natural increase	increase only with births and deaths	68
16822987	crude birth rate	the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population	69
16822988	crude death rate	teh number of deaths	70
16822989	demographic transition	multistage model based on western Europe's experience of change in population growth exhibited by the countries undergoing industrialization	71
16822990	stationary population level	the level at which a national population ceases to grow	72
16822991	population composition	structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties, education	73
16822992	population pyramids	visual representation of the age and sex composition of a population graph	74
16822993	infant mortality rate (IMR)	a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in the population	75
16822994	child mortality rate	the number of children that die within their first to fifth years in a population	76
16822995	life expectancy	how long an average person lives	77
16822996	AIDS (aquired immune deficiency syndrome)	Immune system disease caused by the human immunodifficiency virus (HIV)	78
16822997	chronic (degenerative) diseases	generally long-lasting afflications now more common because of higher life expectations	79
16822998	expansive population policies	government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth	80
16822999	eugenic population policies	government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others	81
16823000	restrictive population policies	government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase	82
16823001	remittance	money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countires	83
16823002	cyclic movements	shorter periods away from home (commuting).	84
16823003	activity space	a daily routine where someone goes through a regular sequence of short moves within a local area	85
16823004	nomadism	movement among a definite set of places. Ex of cyclic movement.	86
16823005	periodic movements	tempory, recurrent relocation. Example is colodge, military	87
16823006	migrant labor	people who cross national borders for jobs. Example: periodic movement	88
16823007	transhumance	a seasonal periodic movement of pastorarists and their livestock between highland and lowland	89
16823008	military service	up to 10 million people moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years	90
16823009	migration	a change in residence intended to be permanent	91
16823010	international migration	human movement involving movement across international boundaries	92
16823011	internal migration	human movement within a nation-state, such as going westward and southward movements in the US	93
16823012	forced migration	human migration flows in which the movers have not choice but to relocate	94
16823013	voluntary migration	movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.	95
16823014	laws of migration	developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, 5 laws that predict the flow of migrants	96
16823015	gravity model	a predication of the interaction of places, population size, distance between them	97
16823016	push factors	negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their adobe and migrate to a new location	98
16823017	pull factors	positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attact people to new locations from other areas	99
16823018	distance decay	the effects of distance on interactions, generally greater the distance teh less interaction	100
16823019	step migration	migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city	101
16823020	intevening opportunity	the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites further away	102
16823021	kinship links	types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success	103
16823022	chain migration	pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links	104
16823023	immigration wave	phenomenon whereby differnt patterns of migraation build upon one another and creat a wave	105
16823024	explorers	a person examining a region that is unknown to them	106
16823025	colonization	colinizer takes over another place, putting its own government in it	107
16823026	island of development	place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investments and which has high paying jobs	108
16823027	guest workers	legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term	109
16823028	refugees	people who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country	110
16823029	international refugees	refugees who have crossed 1 or more international boundaries during their dislocation	111
16823030	internal refugee	people who have been displaced within their own countires and do not cross international borders as they flee	112
16823031	asylum	shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another country	113
16823032	immigration laws	laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state	114
16823033	quotas	established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year	115
16823034	selective immigration	process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating	116