AP Biology- Tour of Cells
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 96873869 | Light Microscope (LM) | a microscope where visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses | |
| 96873870 | Organelles | membrane-enclosed compartments (subcellular structures) | |
| 96873871 | Electron Microscope (EM) | a microscope where a beam of electrons is focused through the specimen or on to its surface | |
| 96873872 | Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | a microscope which excites electrons on the surface of the cell, and shows the specimen's topography | |
| 96873873 | Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) | a microscope which aims an electron through a very thin section of the specimen, which has been stained with atoms of heavy metals, and displays the pattern of transmitted electrons | |
| 96873874 | Ultracentrifuges | a tool which carries out cell fractionation | |
| 96873875 | Cell Fractionation | taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from one another | |
| 96873876 | Prokaryotic Cell | a type of cell which has its DNA concentrated at the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane | |
| 96873877 | Nucleoid | the area not enclosed by a membrane where the DNA is concentrated, in a prokaryotic cell | |
| 96873878 | Eukaryotic Cell | a type of cell which has a true nucleus, and many organelles | |
| 96873879 | Cytoplasm | the entire space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane | |
| 96873880 | Plasma Membrane | the selective barrier which allows the sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell at the boundary of the cell | |
| 96873881 | Flagellum | locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules | |
| 96873882 | Centrosome | region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles | |
| 96873883 | Cytoskeleton | reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components made of protein (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) | |
| 96873884 | Microvilli | projections that increase the cell's surface area | |
| 96873885 | Peroxisome | organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide | |
| 96873886 | Mitochindrion | organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is produced | |
| 96873887 | Lysosome | digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed | |
| 96873888 | Golgi Apparatus | organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products | |
| 96873889 | Ribosomes | nonmembranous organelles that make proteins, free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER nuclear envelope | |
| 96873890 | Chromatin | material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell | |
| 96873891 | Nucleolus | nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli | |
| 96873892 | Nuclear Envelope | double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER | |
| 96873893 | Centrosome | region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; lacks centrioles in plant cells | |
| 96873894 | Cell Wall | outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein | |
| 96873895 | Plasmodesmata | channels through the cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells | |
| 96873896 | Chloroplast | photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules | |
| 96873897 | Central Vacuole | prominent organelle in older plant cells, functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth | |
| 96873898 | Tonoplast | membrane enclosing the central vacuole | |
| 96873899 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough(ribosome-studded) and smooth regions | |
| 96873900 | Vesicles | sacs made of membrane | |
| 96873901 | Glycoproteins | proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them | |
| 96873902 | Transport Vesicles | vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another | |
| 96873903 | Phagocytosis | the process of engulfing smaller organisms or food particles | |
| 96873904 | Food Vacuoles | vacuoles which store food | |
| 96873905 | Contractile Vacuoles | they pump out excess water due to osmosis | |
| 96873906 | Cristae | infoldings of the inner membrane in mitochondria | |
| 96873907 | Mitochondrial Matrix | the space in between the cristae | |
| 96873908 | Thylakoids | membranous system in the form of interconnected sacs in chloroplast | |
| 96873909 | Granum/ Grana | each stack in the choloroplast | |
| 96873910 | Stroma | the fluid outside the thylakoids | |
| 96873911 | Motor Proteins | the proteins required to interact with cytoskeleton for cell motility | |
| 96873912 | Centrioles | composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring | |
| 96873913 | Myosin | a protein which has thicker filaments that work with actin filaments | |
| 96873914 | Pseudopodia | "false feet" in amoeba | |
| 96873915 | Cytoplasmic Streaming | circular flow of cytoplasm within cells | |
| 96873916 | Primary Cell Wall | the relatively thin and flexible cell wall first secreted by young plant cells | |
| 96873917 | Middle Lamella | the substance in between the primary walls of adjacent cells | |
| 96873918 | Secondary Cell Wall | the other cells add the secondary wall in between the plasma membrane and the primary wall | |
| 96873919 | Amphipathic | having a hydrophilic section and a hydrophobic section | |
| 96873920 | Integral Proteins | proteins which penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer | |
| 96873921 | Peripheral Proteins | proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, but are loosely bound to the surface | |
| 96873922 | Glycoproteins | carbohydrates covalently bonded to protein | |
| 96873923 | Glycolipid | carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipid |