APUSH court cases/ Chief Justices Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 165342225 | Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Supreme Court has authority to rule Congressional Acts unconstitutional (Judicial Review) Chief Justice: John Marshall | 0 | |
| 165342226 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Federal Government CAN establish National Bank ("Necessary & Proper" Clause) even without express Constitutional authority; States CANNOT tax federal institutions Chief Justice: John Marshall | 1 | |
| 165342227 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Contract pre-dating creation of NH IS a valid contract; NH cannot void Chief Justice: John Marshall | 2 | |
| 165342228 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Federal laws regulating interstate commerce overrule state laws Chief Justice: John Marshall | 3 | |
| 165342229 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | Only Federal Government, not States, can regulate relations with sovereign Indian tribes Chief Justice: John Marshall | 4 | |
| 165342230 | Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) | MA contract awarding competing bridge contract in violation of implied rights of competing bridge IS valid, USSC defers to state legislature Chief Justice:Roger Taney | 5 | |
| 165342231 | Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) | 1. Enslaved Africans and their descendents are not and can never be citizens 2. U.S. has no authority to prohibit slavery in territories Chief Justice: Roger Taney | 6 | |
| 165342232 | Ex Parte Milligan (1866) | Military tribunals CANNOT be used to try civilians when civilian courts still operating Chief Justice: Salmon P. Chase | 7 | |
| 165342233 | Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) | 14th Amendment ONLY applies to Federal "privileges or immunities", NOT State citizenship rights Chief Justice: Salmon P. Chase | 8 | |
| 165342234 | U.S. v. Cruikshank (1875) | Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of 14th Amendment apply ONLY to Government actions, not those of individuals Chief Justice:Morrison Waite | 9 | |
| 165342235 | Munn v. Illinois (1876) | 14th Amendment does NOT prevent IL from setting maximum rates for the storage of grain; RR freight shipments. Private cos. had "public interest" which allowed regulation. Chief Justice:Morrison Waite | 10 | |
| 165342236 | Civil Rights Cases (1883) | Federal Civil Rights Acts (e.g. desegregating public facilities) were unconstitutional (Federalism argument) Chief Justice:Morrison Waite | 11 | |
| 165342237 | Wabash v. Illinois (1886) | Contra, Munn. State regulations of interstate commerce CANNOT place a direct burden on interstate commerce. Chief Justice:Morrison Waite | 12 | |
| 165342238 | In Re Debs (1895) | Federal injunction ordering RR workers back to work during strike IS valid under commerce clause Chief Justice: Melville Fuller | 13 | |
| 165342239 | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Racially segregated facilities are permissible under 14th Amendment if they are equivalent (Separate but Equal OK) Chief Justice: Melville Fuller | 14 | |
| 165342240 | Lochner v. United States (1905) | NY state law limiting hours bakers could work is INVALID Chief Justice: Melville Fuller | 15 | |
| 165342241 | Muller v. Oregon (1908) | OR law limiting hours women can work IS valid based on women's "nature"; contra, Lochner Chief Justice: Melville Fuller | 16 | |
| 165342242 | Standard Oil v. United States (1910) | Standard Oil is guilty of monopolizing the petroleum industry in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Chief Justice: Edward White | 17 | |
| 165342243 | Schenck v. United States (1919) | Socialist anti-draft pamphlets NOT protected by 1st Amendment; present a "clear and present" danger (Note: wartime case) Chief Justice: Edward White | 18 | |
| 165342244 | Schecter Poultry v. United States (1935) | NIRA (New Deal legislation) was unconstitutional under the Separation of Powers (too much legislative authority to the executive branch) Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes | 19 | |
| 165342245 | West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) | Contra, Lochner. WA state law establishing minimum wage IS constitutional. Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes | 20 | |
| 165342246 | NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel (1937) | National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) IS Constitutional Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes | 21 | |
| 165342247 | Wickard v. Filburn (1942) | Farm grown for home consumption CAN be regulated under the Commerce Clause Chief Justice: Harlan Fiske Stone | 22 | |
| 165342248 | Smith v. Allwright (1944) | 14th and 15th Amendments prohibit "White primaries" (private parties had a "public function") Chief Justice: Harlan Fiske Stone | 23 | |
| 165342249 | Korematsu v. United States (1944) | WWII Internment of Japanese-Americans on national security grounds IS Constitutional Chief Justice: Harlan Fiske Stone | 24 | |
| 165342250 | Dennis et al v. United States (1951) | Membership in the Communist party is prosecutable under the Smith Act without violating the First Amendment Chief Justice: Frederick Vinson | 25 | |
| 165342251 | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | Segregated schools are inherently unequal and prohibited by the 14th Amendment Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 26 | |
| 165342252 | Baker v. Carr (1962) | Reapportionment is NOT a "political question" and therefore is SUBJECT to judicial review Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 27 | |
| 165342253 | Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Public schools CANNOT require official school prayers to be recited Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 28 | |
| 165342254 | Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | State courts MUST provide indigent (poor) defendants with an attorney at trial. (6th Amendment) Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 29 | |
| 165342255 | Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) | Criminal suspects DO HAVE a right to have an attorney present during police interrogations. (6th Amendment) Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 30 | |
| 165342256 | Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | Defendants MUST be informed of the right to consult with an attorney, (6th Amendment) and of their right avoid self-incrimination. (5th Amendment). Chief Justice: Earl Warren | 31 | |
| 165342257 | Roe v. Wade (1973) | Constitution protects woman's right to have an abortion under implied "right to privacy" (with exceptions) Chief Justice: Warren Burger | 32 | |
| 165342258 | United States v. Nixon (1974) | The President CANNOT use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence that is 'demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial.' Chief Justice: Warren Burger | 33 | |
| 165342259 | Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke (1978) | Minority status can be A factor in college admissions (affirmative action) but not THE only factor (quotas) Chief Justice: Warren Burger | 34 | |
| 165342260 | United States v. Lopez (1995) | Possession of a gun near a school is NOT an economic activity and CANNOT be regulated via the Commerce Clause. Chief Justice: William Rehnquist | 35 | |
| 165342261 | Bush v. Gore (2000) | Manual recounts of votes in the Florida presidential election would violate the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment Chief Justice: William Rehnquist | 36 | |
| 165342262 | John Marshall | (1800-1835) • Judicial Review • Expansion of Federal Power • Loose Construction • Federalist | 37 | |
| 165342263 | Roger Taney | (1836-1864) • Jacksonian Democrat • States' Rights | 38 | |
| 165342264 | Morrison Waite | (1874-1888) -Restrict expansion of Federal Government -Federalism | 39 | |
| 165342265 | Melville Fuller | (1888-1910) • Pro-business • Limited commerce clause • Conservative | 40 | |
| 165342266 | Charles Evans Hughes | (1930-1941) Shifted from not supporting New Deal to supporting New Deal | 41 | |
| 165342267 | Harlan Fiske Stone | (1941-1946) • Support for New Deal Programs • Deference to Executive during War | 42 | |
| 165342268 | Earl Warren | (1953-1969) -Civil Rights (Racial Desegregation) -Individual Liberties (Limiting police powers; protecting rights of the accused) -Separation of Church and State -Liberal | 43 | |
| 165342269 | Warren Burger | (1969-1986) Moving in more conservative direction | 44 | |
| 165342270 | William Rehnquist | (1986-2005) • Strict Construction • Conservative | 45 |