Ap Government 1st six weeks vocab

216701475	fiscal federalism	The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national governments rations with state and the local governments.
216701476	Federalism	a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
216701477	entitlement	right granted by law or contract (especially a right to benefits)
216701478	medicaid	health care for the needy
216701479	medicare	health care for the aged
216701480	means-tested	welfare program based on family income
216701481	senatorial courtesy	meet with the senior senators of that state to appoint
216701482	American Bar Association(ABA)	professional interest group with the most influence on the President and his choice of a federal judge
216701483	Bill of Rights	a statement of fundamental rights and privileges
216701484	Stare Decisis	Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases
216701485	per curiam	By the court. An opinion of the Court which is authored by the justices collectively.
216701486	block grants	federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs
216701487	13th amendment	abolished slavery
216701488	14th amendment	Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
216701489	15th amendment	citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
216701490	17th amendment	Direct election of senators
216701491	18th amendment	Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
216701492	19th amendment	gave women the right to vote
216701493	21st amendment	repeal of prohibition in the 18th amendment
216701494	24th amendment	Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.
216701495	26th amendment	lowered the voting age to 18
216701496	22nd amendment	limits the POTUS to 2 terms of office
216701497	POTUS	president of the united states
216701498	VPOTUS	vice president of the united states
216701499	private bill	a legislative bill that deals only with specific, private, personal, or local matters.
216701500	public bill	a legislative bill that deals with matters of general concern
216701501	categorical grants	Federal grants to states or local governments that are for specific programs or projects.
216743286	cooperative federalism	The national and state government share responsibility for public policies.
216743287	dual federalism	A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
216743288	elastic clause	the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers
216743289	enumerated powers	The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.
216743290	extradiction	the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that state
216743291	food stamps	a subsided program that give vouchers for food
216743292	AFDC	aid for families with dependent children
216743293	TANF	temporary aid for needy families
216743294	The New Deal	The programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
216743295	The New Frontier	Made by JFK with hopes to increase aid to education, provide health insurance to the elderly, created department of Urban Affairs and helped migrate workers
216743296	The Great Society	Lyndon Johnson's program for poverty relief, healthcare, civil rights, etc. during his presidency. Improved nation's moral and people's lives
216743297	# of Supreme Court	9 justices or 6-10
216743298	mandate	an order to the state/local telling them what they have to do in order to get the money
216743299	unfunded mandate	an order that is not funded but still has to be acted upon
216743300	writ of certiorari	Order by the Supreme Court directing a lower court to send up the records of a case for review
216743301	Henry Taft	(1908-12) served one term and became the first and only president to become a supreme court justice.
217585625	Thurgood Marshall	American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
217585626	Sandra Day O'Connor	first woman to be on the supreme court
217585627	majority opinion	a statement that presents the views of the majority of supreme court justices regarding a case
217585628	dissenting opinion	an opinion that disagrees with the court's disposition of the case
217585629	line item veto	an executive's ability to block or take out something out of a bill passed by the legislature
217585630	Clinton v. City of NY	Declared the line item veto unconstitutional.
217585631	uncontrollable expenditures	part of the federal budget that you can't change/ have to pay
217585632	franking	Free postal service for letters sent by members of Congress to their constituents
217585633	pork barrel	pet pojects of a particilar congressman that involves their interest
217585634	rule of four	Requirement that a case can only be heard by the Supreme Court if four justices vote to hear the case
217585635	filibuster	a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches
217585636	original jurisdiction	the authority to hear cases for the first time
217585637	apellate jurisdiction	the authority of a court to hear a case appealed to a lower court
217585638	judicial activism	philosophy that the courts should take an active role in solving problems
217585639	judicial restraint	view that the courts should reject any active lawmaking functions and stick to judicial interpretations of the past
217585640	amicus curiae	a brief or letter that is written from an interest group or a private person to the supreme court
217585641	sunshine laws	required government agencies to open their meetings to the public and the press
217585642	resolution	does not have the force of law
217585643	joint resolution	force of law in auguration to fix something like a bill
217585644	concurrent resolution	An expression of opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and the Senate, but not the President.
217585645	rider	added to the bill
217597599	pocket veto	when a president kills a bill passed during the last 10 days Congress is in session by simply refusing to act on it