ApGeography unit 1

84222806	Human geography	The study of humans and their cultures, activities, landscapes, religions, and customs
84222807	Physical geography	studies mountains, glaciers, coastlines, climates, soil, plants and animals.
84222808	Absolute location	location in relation to a neutral, agreed-upon frame of reference
84222809	Relative location	relative to other humans and physical features on the landscape
84222810	Spatial perspective	the way of looking at the world's and the earth's layout
84222811	Map	an incredibly powerful geographic tool; are used to wage war, to make political propaganda, to solve medical problems, and to locate shopping centers
84222812	Mental map	a map created in the mind
84222813	Distribution	the act of distributing or spreading or apportioning
84222814	Pattern	way places and things are laid out, organized, and arranged on the surface of the earth.
84222815	Formal region	homogeneous region; defined as cultural criteria. ex-a desert basin marked by severe aridity, sandy surface, and steep surrounding mountain slopes.
84222816	Functional region	product of interaction, movement of various kinds. ex- a city has a surrounding region within workers commute everywhere
84222817	Perceptual region	in the minds of people
84222818	Remote sensing	important geographic technique; (data collected by satellites and aircraft)-to reveal both physical changes;ex-flooding Mississippi river and changes due more to human activity;ex-deforestation in the Brazilian amazon
84222819	Geographic Information Systems	allows geographers to combine layers of spatial data in a computerized environment , creating maps in which patterns and processes are superimposed.
84222820	Diffusion	the spread of ideas or knowledge from their origins to areas where they are adopted.
84222821	Expansion diffusion	an innovation or idea develops in a source area and remains strong there while also spreading outward.
84222822	Relocation diffusion	involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation.
84222823	Acculturation	when one culture comes dominate of another; in the process the less dominant culture adopts elements of the cultural practices and idea of the dominant culture.
84222824	Assimilation	the adoption of cultural elements from the dominant culture can be so complete that the two cultures become indistinguishable.
84222825	Transculturation	contact between cultures that are more nearly equal in numbers, strength, and complexity; in which both cultures function as sources and adopters.
84222826	Contagious diffusion	ex-The spread of Islam an idea occurs and other people adapt it.
84222827	Hierarchical diffusion	becomes a leapfrog effect.(some adapt while others don't) ex- Elvis Presley(some like him others don't)
84222828	Stimulus diffusion	Ideas may not be adopted but may result in local experimentation ex-McDonald's veggie burgers in India
84222829	Independent invention	A place creates an idea of something and another place creates the same idea but in a different place and time ex- The pyramids
84222830	Environmental determinism	human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected by-even controlled or determined by0the physical environment
84222831	Possibilism	states that humans make their own decisions and not the environmental forces around them.
84222832	Culture	the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared and transmitted by member of a society.
84222833	Cultural diffusion	the spread of an idea from its hearth to other cultures ex-McDonald's has spread throughout the world
84222834	Cultural landscape	how humans changed the landscape over time so their culture could use it for many resources. Cultural Landscape is divided into three types: 1. A landscape formed and created by man 2. An organically evolving landscape that is also shaped by man 3. A landscape that has natural elements which have artistic or religious significance to the culture it's located near.
84222835	Culture hearth	the main area where a culture originated
84222836	Culture trait	a single attribute of a culture; including modes of dress, building styles, farms and fields, and others
84222837	Culture complex	Two cultures display the same trait but use it differently ex-cattle across cultures
84222838	Culture realm	an assemblage of culture; the most highly generalized regionalization of culture and geography
84222839	Culture region	area within which a particular culture system prevail ex-Native Americans
84222840	Culture system	Includes traits, territory, and shared history Ex-Puerto Ricans and Mexicans
84222841	Sequent occupance	when a culture/group moves into an area and leaves its impact on the area
84222842	Folk culture	cultures that have maintained their traditions, often isolated, slow to change
84222843	Popular culture	Non-traditional industrialized cultures, constantly changing
84222844	Commodification	involves taking something that previously was accepted as an object and trading it in the market. ex-Back in day we grew food; then ate it Now in the day we grow food; then we sell it