AP European History: Chapter 15a

227871696	Thirty Years War	Religion played an important role in the outbreak; "the last of the religious wars"; fighting German lands of Holy Roman Empire; conflict = European leadership between Bourbon dynasty of France and Habsburg dynasties of Spain and Holy Roman Empire; Bohemian Phase, Danish Phase, Swedish Phase, Franco-Swedish Phase
227871697	Protestant Union	a league of German Protestant states - led by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine; rivals: Catholic League of German states
227871698	Catholic League of German States	organized by Duke Maximilian of the south German state of Bavaria; ready to fight against Protestant Union in Thirty Years' War
227871699	Gustavus Adolphus	Swedish phase (1630-1635) marked the entry of ________ ________, king of Sweden, into the war; responsible for reviving Sweden and making it into a great Baltic power; military genius - brought disciplined & well-equipped Swedish army to northern Germany
227871700	Peace of Westphalia	ensured that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, were free to determine their own religion
227871701	Absolutism	sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule by divine right
227871702	Divine-Right Monarch	one of chief theorists of ______ ____ ______ - Bishop Jacques Bousset - book: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of the Holy Scripture; argued that government was divinely organized so humans could live in an organized society; God establishes kings = absolute power to king
227871703	Cardinal Richelieu	Louis XIII's chief minister from 1624-1642, initiated policies that eventually strengthened the power of the monarchy; eliminated political and military rights of the Huguenots while preserving religion ones = more reliable subjects
227871704	Cardinal Mazarin	Richelieu's successor - an Italian who came to France; most important event during his rule = the Fronde; he was disliked by the French population; died 1661
227871705	Louis XIV	promiscuous, fun & games; created a grand & majestic spectacle @ Versailles; "Sun King" = source of light for all his people; policy-making machinery of government part of his home - kept control
227871706	Versailles	where the royal court was located; personal household of king + place where subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves & their clients; main area where rival aristocratic factions jostled for power
227871707	Edict of Fontainebleau	revoked Edict of Nantes + provided for the destructions of Huguenot churches and the closing of Protestant schools; 200,000 Huguenots defied the prohibition & sought asylum in England, United Provinces, and the German states; Huguenots= skilled artisans - them leaving = weakened French economy
227871708	Jean Baptiste Colbert	controller general of finances for Louis XIV; sought to increase wealth and power of France through general adherence to mercantilism: stressed government regulation of economic activities to benefit the state; attempted to improve quality of French manufactured goods
227871709	League of Augsburg	Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, United Provinces, Sweden, and England; led to Louis's third war: War of the ______ __ _______ (1689-1697) - 8 year struggle brought economic depression and famine to France
227871710	War of the Spanish Succession	Louis's fourth war - over the succession to the Spanish throne; Charles II leaves throne to a grandson of Louis XIV (Philip V); people worried that France and Spain would be wasted in the same dynastic family = destruction of European balance of power; opposed: England, United Provinces, Habsburg Austria
227871711	Peace of Utrecht	1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession.