Chapter 10 AP World History Flashcards

324125851	Augustine of Hippo	(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church	0
324125852	Black Death	the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe	1
324125853	Charles Martel	Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe.	2
324125854	Clovis	king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy	3
324125855	Cluny	A new French monastery where monks strictly followed Benedictine rule.	4
324125856	Ferdinand and Isabella	This was the king and queen of Spain who took over the Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition	5
324125857	Fourth Crusade	a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem	6
324125858	Holy Roman Empire	the lands ruled by Charlemagne	7
324125859	Hundred Years War	Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413)	8
324125860	Magna Carta	This document was signed by King John in 1215. It was the first document that limited the power of the government.	9
324125862	Manorialism	Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.	10
324125864	Middle Ages	The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance	11
324125866	Peter Abelard	French philosopher and theologian	12
324125868	Raoul de Cambrai	A french knight pillaged a convent, raped the nuns and burned them alive.	13
324125870	Scholasticism	the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe	14
324125872	Thomas Aquinas	Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology	15
324125874	Three-field System	A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.	16
324125876	William the Conqueror	duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England	17
324125879	Ibn- Rushd	Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith	18
324125881	Feudalism	a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	19
324125883	Charlemagne	King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning	20
324125885	Benedict of Nursia	Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century	21
324125887	Pope Gregory VII	reformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV	22
324125889	First Crusade	(1096 - 1099) Crusade called by Pope Urban II which captured Jerusalem. (only militarily successful Crusade)	23
324125891	Francis of Assisi	Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick.	24
324125893	Crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	25
324125896	Pope Urban II	Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades	26
324125898	Parliaments	Bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the feudal principle that rulers should consult their vassals.	27
324125900	Serfs	men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection	28
324125902	Gothic	a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries	29
324125904	Brevard of Clairvaux	...	30
324125906	Geoffrey Chaucer	English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)	31
324125908	Hanseatic League	a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	32
324125910	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	33
324125912	Three Estates	The three social groups considered most powerful in Western countries; church, nobles, and urban leaders.	34
324125914	Investiture	controversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.	35
324125916	Roger Bacon	English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation	36
324125918	Vassals	members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	37
324125920	Roman Catholic Church	the Christian church headed by the pope in Rome	38
324125922	Carolingians	Royal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century.	39
324125924	Beowulf	the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century	40
324125927	Third Crusade	a Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal	41
324125929	Pope	Head of the Roman Catholic Church	42
324125931	Battle of Tours	732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe	43
324125933	Moldboard	Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system.	44
324125935	Vikings	Scandinavian pirates who plundered the coasts of Europe from the 8th to 10th centuries.	45
324125937	Songs of Roland	an epic about praise for Charlemagne	46
324125939	Romanesque	Style of church architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows	47
324125941	Chivalry	a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle	48
324125943	Romance of the Rose	Poem written by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung during the 13th century; details the ideas of courtly love.	49
324125944	Franks	group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis	50