Mr. D's AP Euro Review Cold War & Postwar Europe Flashcards

6726629	Willie Brandt	Cold War mayor of West Berlin who served as chancellor of West Germany (1969-74). He instituted a policy of greater cooperation with eastern communist nations.	0
6726630	SALT I	Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and led to the SALT II discussions and a slowdown of the arms race between the two countries.	1
6728811	Detente	Period of increased cooperation between the US and the USSR. This was undertaken by Pres. Nixon and his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, in the 1970s. It was a factor in the end of the Cold War and of the USSR.	2
6746247	Solidarity	Polish labor union formed in 1980 after major protests against the Communist labor system in place at the time. In 1981 it was shut down by the Polish Communist leadership, but regained strength in 1989 and openly opposed the Soviet-backed party.	3
6746491	NATO	Formed in 1949, was the West's military organization designed to discourage further Soviet expansion and to counter the Warsaw Pact.	4
6746492	U2 affair	An American secret spy plane that was shot down in 1960 while spying on the USSR. The pilot, Gary Powers, was captured alive. The US had insisted it was not spying on the USSR, and the event caused great embarrassment to the US and increased tensions in the Cold War.	5
6847362	Berlin airlift	Efforts, primarily by the US, to fly in millions of tons of food and heating fuel to over 2 million isolated residents of West Berlin in 1948-49. In an attempt to force ALllied nations out of Berlin, the Soviets blockaded all access to the city, which had been partitioned between Western powers and the Soviet Union at the end of WWII. The US made deliveries until the Soviets finally lifted the blockade. This incident led to the division of Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany in the west and the German Democratic Republic in the east.	6
6847626	Berlin Wall	A 28 mile wall built by the Soviet Union in 1961 along the border of East and West Berlin to prevent East Germans from leaving for the West. Initially barbed wire, it was soon replaced by a concrete wall topped with barbed wire and gradually extended beyond the two cities to encompass the entire boundry between East and West Germany. It became emblematic of the cold war and kept Germany seperated until the Soviets agreed to remove it in 1989, in part as a gesture they hoped would keep the faltering Communist Party in power.	7
6882088	Christian Democrats	Powerful center to center-right political parties that evolved in the late 1940s in Europe from former Catholic parties of the pre-WWII period. Christian parties gained increasing support in the postwar era, winning elections in par because of their participation in wartime resistance. A vital component of postwar politics, these groups shifted from their decades-old emphasis on advocating church interests to welcoming non-Catholics among their ranks and focusing on democracy, anti-communism, and social reform.	8
6882615	United Nations	international organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and progress	9
6882616	containment	US would work in military and non-military ways to prevent communism from spreading around the world	10
6882617	Truman Doctrine	President Truman's 1947 promise that the US would defend peoples from subversion or outside pressure	11
6882618	Marshall Plan	a massive American aid program announced in 1947 to help European nations recover from World War II	12
6882619	Warsaw Pact	alliance formed in 1949 by Soviet Union and nations of Eastern Europe	13
6882620	Korean War	the cold war conflict in which UN soliders fought to defend South Korea from takeover by Communist North Korea, ending a stalemate in 1953	14
6882621	Cuban missile crisis	the 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba	15
6882754	Bay of Pigs	Kennedy allows CIA to send Cuban exiles in to take out Castro but it fails badly	16
6882755	Alliance for Progress	Kennedy's Marshall Plan for Latin America to establish democratic governments, land reform, economic and social planning; US pledges $20 billion contribution; money wasn't used the way it was intended	17
6882756	Nuclear test ban treaty	July 1963 all powers except France and China agree to stop testing in atmosphere, space and underwater	18
6882757	Sino-Soviet Split	Mao disagrees with Khrushchev's cooperation with US; struggling for dominance among communists	19
6882758	Non-alignment movement	started in India of countries that did not want to be on either side of the Cold War; irony in Cuban's membership shows its uselessness	20
6882759	Czechoslovakia 1968	Dubcek's reforms worry Soviets so they crush his reforms August 21; example of Brezhnev Doctrine in action; condemned by world as extreme	21
6882760	Alexander Dubcek	Communist Party Secretary of Czechoslovakia; loosens strict rules; permits criticism of government; assures loyalty to USSR; gets kicked out	22
6882761	Brezhnev Doctrine	Brezhnev says USSR has the right to help communist governments fighting against rebels; results in Czech 1968 and Afghanistan in 1979	23
6882762	Carter Doctrine	Warning that any attempt by outside forces to gain control of the Persian Gulf would be met with military force from the US; created because Soviets were in Afghanistan and too close to Persian Gulf oil	24
6882763	Non-Proliferation Treaty	UN General Assembly treaty that nuclear weapons will not be spread or developed, only nuclear energy could be improved	25
6882764	Afghanistan 1979	they try to rebel and Soviets crush them; Carter puts embargo on grain; boycotts Moscow Olympics	26
6882765	SALT II	planned reduction in missiles that is canceled when Soviets invade Afghanistan	27
6882766	Reagan Doctrine	US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes; applied in Nicaragua, Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan	28
6882767	Strategic Defense Initiative	Reagan's Star Wars defense system to shoot down missiles while they're in space	29
6882768	START	dealt with long-range missiles; Bush and Gorgachev; reduction in long-range nuclear missiles	30
6882850	Star Wars	President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space.	31
6882851	Glasnot	policy in the Soviet Union of speaking openly about problems.	32
6882852	Satellite nation	nation that is dominated politically and economically by a more powerful nation.	33
6882853	Sputnik	First satelite launched into space by the Soviet Union	34