AP environmental chapter 1-3
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| 201083271 | environment | everything, living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things | |
| 201083272 | environmental science | how humans interact with environment | |
| 201083273 | ecology | how species interact with one another& their environment | |
| 201083274 | species | organisms with distinct traits that can reproduce with one another (if sexual) | |
| 201083275 | ecosystem | region with species that interact with each other and their environment | |
| 201083276 | environmentalism | sociopolitical movement to protect the environment | |
| 201083277 | sustainability | ability of human society and natural world to survive/adapt indefinitely | |
| 201083278 | natural capital | natural resources and natural services that keep us and other organisms alive | |
| 201083279 | natural resources | matter and energy used by humans. ex: Soil, air, water, minerals, fossil fuels | |
| 201083280 | natural services | functions/activities of nature that support human life | |
| 201083281 | solar capital | energy from the sun | |
| 201083282 | degrade | Use it faster than it can be replenished | |
| 201083283 | gross domestic product | annual amount of goods and services produced by a country | |
| 201083284 | per capita GDP | GDP divided by number of people in country | |
| 201083285 | economic development | use economic growth to produce higher standards of living | |
| 201083286 | developed countries | countries that have higher per capita GDP | |
| 201083287 | developing countries | countries that have lower per capita GDP | |
| 201083288 | resource | something obtained from environment for human use | |
| 201083289 | conservation | management of resources to minimize waste and sustain resource supplies | |
| 201083290 | perpetual resource | resource that will last forever | |
| 201083291 | renewable resource | resources that can be replenished through natural processes | |
| 201083292 | sustainable yield | use resources as quickly or less quickly than they are replenished | |
| 201083293 | environmental degradation | occurs when resources are used faster than they are replaced | |
| 201083294 | tragedy of the commons | depletion of shared resource by cumulative small actions of many | |
| 201083295 | nonrenewable resources | resources that exists in a fixed amount on Earth | |
| 201083296 | ecological footprint | amount of natural capital used by people compared to ability of env. to replenish it | |
| 201083297 | per capita ecological footprint | average ecological footprint one person has | |
| 201477439 | pollution | something in the environment that is harmful to living organisms | |
| 201477440 | point source | from a specific identifiable source | |
| 201477441 | nonpoint source | from many sources | |
| 201477442 | biodegradable | can be broken down by natural means | |
| 201477443 | nondegradable | cannot be broken down | |
| 201477444 | output control | pollution cleanup/remediation (reactive) | |
| 201477445 | input control | pollution prevention (proactive) | |
| 201477446 | scientific method | 1. question 2. hypothesis 3. experiment 4. conclusion | |
| 201477447 | scientific theory | formed after hypothesis is supported many times in many experiments; How or why something happens | |
| 201477448 | scientific law | describes fundamental principle of science; Does not describe how or why something happens | |
| 201477449 | matter | possesses mass & volume | |
| 201477450 | element | fundamental substance with unique properties; cannot be broken down by chemical reaction | |
| 201477451 | compound | combination of 2 or more elements | |
| 201477452 | atom | smallest unit of element | |
| 201477453 | isotopes | atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons | |
| 201477454 | ion | atom that has different number of protons & electrons; has pos. or neg. charge | |
| 201477455 | acid | more H+ ions, pH < 7 | |
| 201477456 | base | more OH- ions, pH > 7 | |
| 201477457 | molecule | combination of 2 or more atoms joined by chemical bond | |
| 201477458 | organic compound | contain carbon as central element, also possess hydrogen, often other elements | |
| 201477459 | inorganic compound | do not possess C and H | |
| 201477460 | carbohydrates | important energy molecules, used for structure, can be simple or complex | |
| 201477461 | nucleic acids | contains info for making proteins, info for building and maintaining organism | |
| 201477462 | proteins | important structural molecule, make up enzyme, made up of chains of amino acids | |
| 201477463 | lipids | make up cell membrane, used for energy storage, form protective coatings | |
| 201477464 | radioactive decay | radioisotopes emit energy, particles spontaneously | |
| 201477465 | nuclear fission | splitting of nucleus into smaller nuclei, used in nuclear power plants | |
| 201477466 | nuclear fusion | fusing of small nuclei into larger | |
| 201477467 | law of conservation of matter and energy | Matter & energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed/transferred | |
| 201477468 | energy | the ability to do work, transfer heat, ability to move or change matter | |
| 201477469 | potential energy | stored energy | |
| 201477470 | kinetic energy | energy of motion | |
| 201477471 | radiation | electromagnetic energy (visible & invisible) | |
| 201477472 | conduction | heat passed between 2 substances that are in contact | |
| 201477473 | convection | movement of heat within a gas or liquid from warm areas to cool | |
| 201477474 | electromagnetic energy | AKA Light Engery: Form of kinetic energy - movement of photons; Comes in range of frequencies/wavelengths; Includes visible light - Roy G BIV; Source of most energy for life on Earth | |
| 201477475 | thermodynamics | study of energy transformation, how energy moves | |
| 201477476 | energy efficiency | Measure of amount of work produced by a given amount of input energy | |
| 201477477 | system | set of components/parts that function and interact in a regular way or as a unit | |
| 201477478 | feedback loop | energy, matter that flows as output flows back into system as new input | |
| 201477479 | positive feedback loop | causes system to progress further in same direction/manner | |
| 201477480 | negative feedback loop | causes system to stop progressing, causes system to change | |
| 201477481 | organization of life | Atoms, molecules, cells, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere | |
| 201477482 | cell theory | all living things are made up of cells, cells are basis of function & structure, cells can only be produced from other cells | |
| 201477483 | eukaryotic cell | possess nucleus & organelles more recently evolved, unicellular or multicellular | |
| 201477484 | Prokaryotic cell | no nucleus or organelles, more ancient, unicellular | |
| 201477485 | ecology | study of how organisms interact with each other and nonliving environment | |
| 201477486 | species | set of individuals with specific traits; can reproduce & produce fertile offspring | |
| 201477487 | habitat | place where organism normally lives | |
| 201477488 | genetic diversity | genetic variation within a population; produces phenotypic variation | |
| 201477489 | atmosphere | thin layer of gases surrounding earth | |
| 201477490 | hydrosphere | all water at or near surface | |
| 201477491 | geosphere | (lithosphere) solid surface; ex: Core, mantle, crust | |
| 201477492 | biosphere | areas of these 3 regions that possess life | |
| 201477493 | biomes | large regions with distinct characteristics (species, climate) | |
| 201797277 | limiting factors | factors affecting number of organisms | |
| 201797278 | limiting factor principle | too much or too little of any factor can limit/ prevent population growth | |
| 201797279 | food chains | sequence of organisms where energy is passed from one trophic level to the next | |
| 201797280 | biomass | total dry mass of organic matter of living organisms | |
| 201797281 | ecological efficiency | % of total energy that is passed from one trophic level to the next | |
| 201797282 | transpiration | Water that evaporates from plants |