AP Bio Chapter 7&8

210131053	hypotonic	having a lower concentration of solute than another solution, water moves OUT
210131054	hypertonic	having a higher concentration of solute than another solution, water moves IN
210131055	osmotic pressure	pressure required to prevent water from entering a hypertonic solution
210131056	water potential	pressure potential(+/-) plus solute potential (-), equal to zero at equilibrium
210131057	crenate	animal cells shrivel up in a hypERtonic solution
210131058	lyse	animal cells explode in a hypOtonic solution
210131059	plasmolyze	plant cells contents shrink and pull away from its cell wall in a hypERtonic solution
210131060	turgor pressure	the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall in a hypOtonic solution
210131061	contractile vacuole	The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell
210131062	facilitated diffusion	speeds up rate of diffusion using integral proteins, substrate specific transport proteins, no ATP, moves material down gradient (ex.aquaporins, gated channels)
210131063	active transport	moves material from low to high concentration, uses ATP, substrate specific transport proteins, uses integral proteins (ex. NA+/K+ pump, H+ pump)
210131064	sodium potassium pump	uses electrochemical gradient with high concentration Na on outside of cell and low concentration K on inside to create membrane potential difference in charge so ions can diffuse down gradient
210131065	hydrogen pump	uses electrochemical gradient to move low concentration H+ ions from the cell using energy harnessed from membrane potential
210131066	membrane potential	difference in charge across membrane
210131067	electrochemical gradient	concentration difference in ions
212132695	bulk transport	movement of large materials in and out of the cell, requires energy
212170463	endocytosis	materials enter the cell by creating a pod out of membrane to be stored in
212170464	exocytosis	materials leave the cell through a vacuole that becomes part of the cell membrane
212170465	phagocytosis	pseudopod engulfs food from outside and puts it in food vacuole "cell eating"
212170466	pinocytosis	cell membrane pinches off vesicles into the cell "cell drinking", process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
212170467	receptor mediated endocytosis	allows the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substrates by receptors to which substrates attach which are then engulfed by the cell