AP Euro: Renaissance

210346886	Jacob Burckhardt	1860 historian, thought Ren. was perfection of individual and birthplace of modern world
210346887	Hanseatic League	cities in N. Europe, had monopoly on European trade until 15th cen.
210346888	Italian City-States	ruled by wealthy families, controlled land around them
210346889	House of Medici	family was primary bank of pope, controlled some trade until expelled by the French in 1494
210346890	Cosimo d'Medici	took over Florence, oldest Medici
210346891	Isabella d'Este	"First Lady of the World", educated ruling lady
210346892	Castiglione	wrote "Book of the Courtier", thought nobles were bad
210346893	Machiavelli	exiled politician who thought leaders should be cruel and ruthless
210346894	Humanism	based on classic literature, study of liberal arts and ideal person
210346895	Secularism	movement away from the church, worldliness
210346896	Individualism	based on human potential and perfecting oneself
210346897	L'uomo Universale	the idea of a Ren. man, someone of varied learning
210346898	Petrarch	searched for classic manuscripts, thought people should put intellect over friends, father of humanism
210346899	Bruni	emphasis on ancient Greece and idealization of Cicero, humanist politician
210346900	"Oration on the Dignity of Man"	by Mirandola, humans have potential to be both bad and good
210346901	Peace of Lodi	treaty made by Italian city-states
210346902	Masaccio	made frescoes in Brancacci chapel, laws of perspective, realistic, math in art
210346903	Johannes Gutenberge	invented printing press, which spread Ren. ideas
210346904	Movable Type	spread Ren. and reformation ideas through Europe quickly
210346905	Lorenzo the Magnificent	part of Medici family, ruled Florence during Ren.
210346906	Patronage	paid for art to be made, determined subject of art
210346907	Botticelli	made classic art centered around Greek/Roman mythology
210346908	Donatello	classic artist, made bronze David (first nude, symbol of victory)
210346909	Brunelleschi	classical architect, combined math with art
210346910	Leonardo da Vinci	artist who cut up dead bodies to see how they worked, also a classic Ren. man
210346911	Raphael	artist who made lots of Madonnas, good perspective and realism
210346912	Michelangelo	artist who focused on idealism of human, big David (perfection of body)
210346913	Northern Renaissance	concentrated on details rather than perspective in art, happened because of printing press
210346914	Jan van Eyck	used oil paints, focused on religious feelings in art
210346915	Albrecht Durer	combined N. Ren. and Italian Ren. style in art
210346916	New Monarchies	tried to get rid of nobles' power and create strong central gov.
210346917	Louis XI	limited power of parliament, persecuted nobles and tried to take their power (Spider King)
210346918	War of the Roses	English civil war between Lancaster and York, Tudors got control as result of it
210346919	Henry VII	married a York after war of Roses, made nobles get rid of their armies, made commoners have a place in gov.
210346920	Ferdinand and Isabella	made a parliament, persecuted Muslims/Jews
210346921	Spanish Inquisition	when the authenticity of the Jews who converted to Christianity was questioned
210346922	Holy Roman Empire	wasn't successful in centralizing gov. during New Monarchies, too many people against church
210346923	Hapsburgs	controlled Holy Roman Empire, used smart marriages instead of wars to gain power
210346924	Ivan III	made Moscow its own state, cut ties with Mongols after gaining power
210346925	Heresy	thought church should reform, church officials were thought to be corrupt
210346926	Jan Hus	was killed for Heresy, started a war with Holy Roman Empire
210346927	John Wycliffe	started Lollardy, thought Popes shouldn't have so much power and the Bible should be in every language
210346928	Pope Julius II	Pope unliked by some because he was so involved with war
210346929	Pope Leo	nepotistic Pope who was a Medici