Psychology Chapter 3

33566928	chromosomes	thread like structures made of DNA that contain the genes
33566929	DNA	a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. (Forms a double helix bonded by nucleotides.)
33566930	genes	the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chormosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.
33566931	genome	the complete instructions for all the genetic material in its chromosomes. Has 3 billion weakly bonded pairs of nucleotides organized as coiled chains of DNA.
33566932	Natural Selection	The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
33566933	Mutation	A random error in gene replication that leads to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic discovery.
33566934	Evolutionary Psychology	the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using priniciples of natural selection. Natural selection has favored genes that designed both behavioral tendencies and information-processing systems that solved adaptive problems faced by our ancestors, thus contributing to the survival and spread of their genes.
33566935	Gender	in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male or female.
33566936	Behavior Genetics	The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
33566937	Environment	Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.
33566938	Identical Twins	Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
33566939	Fraternal Twins	Twins who develop from separate eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.
33566940	Temperament	A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
33566941	Heritability	The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. This may vary, depending on the range of populations and enviroments studied.
33566942	Interaction	The dependence of the effect of one factor (such as environment) on another factor (such as heredity).
33566943	Molecular Genetics	The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.
33566944	Culture	The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
34052203	Norms	Understood social prescriptions, or rules, for accepted and expected behavior.
34052204	Personal Space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
34052205	Memes	Variations in ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from one person to another that cause rapid cultural mutations.
34052206	X Chromosome	the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have 2; males have one. One from each parent produces a female child
34052207	Y Chromosome	the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with the other chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
34052208	Testosterone	The principle male sex hormone. During prenatal development, this stimulates the development of the external male sex organs.
34052209	Roles	A culturally prescribed set of behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position.
34052210	Gender Roles	a culturally prescribed set of behaviors for males and females.
34052211	Gender Identity	is one's personal sense of being male or female.
34052212	Gender-typing	The acquisition of a traditional feminine or masculine gender role.
34052213	Social Learning Theory	Learning social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
34052214	Gender Schema Theory	children must acquire a cultural concept of what it means to be female or male and adjust their behavior accordingly.