Ch.8 Key Terms (only 1-28)

45252791	Political Geography	the subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface
45252792	state	a politically organized body of people under a single government
45252793	Territoriality	In political geopgrpahy,a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.
45252794	Sovereignty	A principle of interantional relations that holds that final authoiry over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legimate rulers of independent states
45252795	Peace of Westphalia	the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648
45252796	mercantalism	A protectionist policy of European states during 16th-18th century that promoted a state's economic position in the conest with other countries with the acquisition of gold and silver.
45252797	Nation	a term encompassing all the citizens in the sate. Most defenitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of a language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. Such homogeneity actually prevails within a few states.
45252798	Nation-state	A recognized member of the modern states system possesing formal soveriegnty and occupi9ed by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation.
45252799	democracy	government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within the state.
45252800	Multinational state	State with one of mroe nation within its borders
45252801	Multistate nation	Nationt he stretches across borders and across states
45252802	Stateless nation	nation that does not have a state
45252803	Colonialism	Rule by an autonomous power over a subordinateand alien people and place.
45252804	Scale	Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization.
45252805	Capitalism	Economic model wherein people, corporations , and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit
45252806	Commodification	The process through with which something is given monetary value.
45252807	Core	Process that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology.
45252808	Periphery	Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology.
45252809	Semiperiphery	Places where both core and periphery processes are both occuring
45252810	Ability	in the context of politcal power, the capacity of a state to influence other staes or achieve goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means.
45252811	Centripetal	Forces that tend to unify a country-- such as wide spread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith
45252812	Centrifugal	Forces that tend to divide a county
45252813	Unitary	A nation-state that has centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts fo the state.
45252814	Federal	A political territorial system wherein a central govenment represents the various entities within a nation state whrere they all have common interests
45252815	Devolution	The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central govenment
45252816	Territorial representation	System wherein each representativeis elected from a territorially defined district
45252817	Reapportionment	Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts
45252818	Splitting	The processn by thich the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts.