AP Human Geography Vocab 10

20525111	Agribusiness	the system of commercial farming found in the US and MDC's
20525112	Agriculture	deliberate modification of earths surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain
20525113	Cereal grain	a grass yielding grain or food
20525114	Chaff	separation of husks from the seeds by threshing
20525115	Combine	performs three tasks in one operation (reaping, threshing, cleaning)
20525116	Commercial agriculture	agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
20525117	Crop	grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
20525118	Crop Rotation	the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil
20525119	Desertification	farmland is abandoned for lack of water; especially in semiarid regions, humans actions are causing land to deteriorate to a desert-like condition
20525120	Double cropping	land is used even more intensely in parts of Asia by obtaining tow harvests per year from one field
20525121	Grain	the seed from various grasses (wheat, corn, oats, barely, rice, millet, & ect)
20525122	Green Revolution	the invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970's and 1980's
20525123	Horticulture	the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers—and tree crops form the commercial base of Mediterranean farming
20525124	Hull	outer covering of rice that is removed by mortar and pestle
20525125	Intensive subsistence farming	a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parle of land
20525126	Milkshed	the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
20525127	Paddy	malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah
20525128	Pastoral nomadism	a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
20525129	Pasture	grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing
20525130	Plantation	a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country
20525131	Prime agricultural land	the most productive farmland
20525132	Ranching	a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over and extensive area
20525133	Reaper	a machine that cuts grain standing in the field
20525134	Ridge Tillage	system of planting crops on the ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation
20525135	Sawah	a flooded field for growing rice
20525136	Seed Agriculture	reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization
20525137	Shifting Cultivation	a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period
20525138	Slash-and-Burn Agriculture	another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
20525139	Spring wheat	wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer
20525140	Subsistence Agriculture	agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family
20525141	Sustainable Agriculture	farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides
20525142	Swidden	a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning
20525143	Thresh	to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it
20525144	Transhumance	the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
20525145	Truck farming	commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities
20525146	Vegetative planting	reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
20525147	Wet rice	rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth
20525148	Winnow	to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind
20525149	Winter wheat	wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer