Chapter 12: The Presidency (Wilson's)

65533909	Divided Government	A government in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress.
65533910	Unified Government	A government in which the same party controls both the White House and both houses of Congress. When Bill Clinton became president in 1993, it was the first time since 1981 (and only the second time since 1969) that the same party was in charge of the Presidency and Congress.
65533911	Representative Democracy	A political system in which leaders and representatives acquire political power by means of a competitive struggle for the people's vote. This is the form of government used by nations that are called democratic.
65533912	Direct Democracy	A political system in which all or most citizens participate directly by either holding office or making public policy. the town meeting, in which citizens vote on major issues, is an example of participatory democracy.
65533913	Pyramid Structure	A method of organizing a president's staff in which most presidential assistants report through a hierarchy to the president's chief of staff.
65533914	Circular Structure	A method of organizing a president's staff in which several presidential assistants report directly to the president.
65533915	Ad Hoc Structure	A method of organizing a president's staff in which several task forces committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president
65533916	Perks	A short form of prerequisites, meaning "fringe benefits of office." Among the _____ of political office for high - ranking officials are limousines, expense accounts, free air travel, fancy offices, and staff assistants.
65533917	Cabinet	By Custom, the ____ includes the head of the fourteen major executive departments
65533918	Veto Message	One of Two ways for a president to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. The ____ ______ must be sent to Congress within ten days after the president receives the bill.
65533919	Pocket Veto	One of the two ways for a president to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. If the president does not sign the bill within ten days of his receiving it, and Congress has adjourned within that time, the bill does not become law.
65533920	Line - Item Veto	The power of an executive veto veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. The president does not have the right to exercise a ___ ____ _____ and must approve or reject an entire appropriations bill.
65533921	Trustee Approach	The view that an elected representative should act on his or her own best judgement of what public policy requires.
65533922	Delegate model	The view that an elected representative should represent the opinions of his or her constituents.
65533923	Legislative Veto	The rejections of a presidential or administrative agency action by a vote of one or both houses of Congress without the consent of the president. In 1983, the Supreme Court declared the legislative veto unconstitutional.
65533924	Impeachment	A formal accusation against a public official by the lower base of a legislative body. _______ is merely an accusation and not a conviction. Only two presidents, Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998, were ever impeached. Thew were not, however, convicted, for the Senate failed to obtain the necessary two-thirds vote required for conviction.
65533925	Lame Duck	A politician ho is still in office after having lost a reelection bid.