Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinism View of Life

52588391	Scala Naturae	life-forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity
52588392	Old Testament	Perfect species were individually designed by God
52588393	Linnaeus	Grouped similar species into increasingly general categories
52588394	taxonomy	naming and classifying all forms of life
52588395	binomial nomenclature	two-part naming system- includes genus and species
52588396	Cuvier	OPPOSED EVOLUTION and advocated catastrophism
52588397	catastrophism	principle that events in the past occured suddenly and by different mechanisms than those occuring today.
52588398	Lyell	English geologist that developed uniformitarianism. IMPORTANCE: The earth must be very old.
52588399	uniformitarianism	idea that geologic processes that have shaped the planet have not changed over the course of Earth's history
52588400	Lamarck	Early theory of evolution based on use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics.
52588401	use and disuse	Parts of the body that are used exstensively become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate
52588402	Inheritance of acquired characteristics	characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to the next generation
52588403	Darwin	Voyage on the Beagle lead to his theory of evolution by natural selection
52588404	Natural Selection	Explains how adaptations arise.
52588405	Adaptations	characteristics that enhance organisms' ability to reproduce and survive in specific environments
52588406	Artificial selection	process by which species are modified by humans
52588407	FOUR evidence for evolution	1. Direct observation of Evolutionary Change 2.The Fossil Record 3. Homology and Convergent Evolution 4. Biogeography
52588408	Fossil Record	#2 Fossils provide evidence for the theory of evolution.
52588409	Paleontology	The study of fossils.
52588410	Homology	Characteristics in related species can have underlying similarity even though they have very different functions.
52588411	Homologous structures	anatomical signs of evolution
52588412	Embryonic homologies	Comparison of early stages of animal development reveals many anatomical homologies in embryos that are not visible in adult organisms.
52588413	Vestigial Organs	structures of little importance to the organism
52588414	Molecular Homologies	shared characteristics on the molecular level.
52588415	Convergent Evolution	Taken place when two organisms developed similarities as they adapted to similar environmental challanges- not because they evolved from a common ancester.
52588416	Analogous structures	similar solutions to similar problems but DO NOT indicate close relatedness.
52588417	Biogeography	The geographic distribution of species.
52588418	Continental Drift	Explains the similarity of species on continents that are distant today.
52588419	Endemic species	are found on a certain geographic location and nowhere else.