Oly AP Gov vocab 4

121394460	Civil Liberties	The legal constitutional protections against the government; defined in the Bill of Rights.
121394461	Bill of Rights	First 10 amendments to the Constitution.
121394462	First Amendment	Establishes the 4 great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.
121394463	Fourteenth Amendment	"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
121394464	Due Process Clause	Part of the 14th amendment that guarantees that people cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.
121394465	Incorporation Doctrine	The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the 14th amendment.
121394466	Establishment Clause	Part of the 1st amendment that states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion."
121394467	Free Exercise Clause	A 1st amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.
121394468	Prior Restraint	A government and its actions preventing material from being published. Censorship.
121394469	Shield Laws	Laws created to protect news reporters from being forced to testify in courts or disclose confidential information.
121394470	Libel	The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone's reputation.
121394471	Slander	The verbal expression of false or malicious statements that damage someone's reputation.
121394472	Symbolic Speech	Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband.
121394473	Commercial Speech	Communication in the form of advertising.
121394474	Federal Communications Commission	Regulates the content, nature, and existence of radio and television broadcasting.
121394475	Probable Cause	The situation occurring when police have reason to believe that a person should be arrested. In making the arrest, police are legally allowed to search for and seize incriminating evidence.
121394476	Unreasonable Search and Seizures	Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the 14th amendment. Probable cause and/or a search warrant are required for a legal and proper search for and seizure of incriminating evidence.
121394477	Search Warrant	A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for.
121394478	Exclusionary Rule	The rule that evidence, no matter how incriminating, cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained.
121394479	Fifth Amendment	An amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection from double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.
121394480	Self-incrimination	The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court.
121394481	Sixth Amendment	An amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.
121394482	Plea Bargaining	A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime.
121394483	Cruel and Unusual Punishment	Court sentences prohibited by the 8th amendment.
121394484	Right to Privacy	The right to a personal life free from the intrusion of the government.